Chapter 6 Reproduction Flashcards
Name Aristotle’s theories
- embryo was preformed and grew or enlarged during development
- man arose from being successive differentiation of a formless being
Define the theory preformation
embryo was preformed and grew or enlarged during development
define the theory epigenesis
man arose from being successive differentiation of a formless being
Which theory did Aristotle believe in
epigenesis
who first found and described the oviduct
Fallopius
whose system is more complex a females or males
female
what does the female reproductive system consist of
embryonic Mullerian ducts, primordial external genitalia
What consists of the Mullerian ducts
oviducts, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina
What consists of the primordial external genitalia
posterior vagina and vulva
What are the major functions of the female reproductive system
Produce a female gamete, deliver it to the site where it can be fertilized, provide an environment for growth of the fetus, and to deliver the fetus
What is the primary organs in the female reproductive system
ovaries
what doe ovaries produce
oocytes and female hormones
Ovaries ensure what
continual nutrient and oxygen delivery
what are oviducts
pair of convoluted tubes adjacent to the ovaries and extending to the uterus
Where is the site of fertilization and early cell divisions of the embryo
oviducts
What is the function of the oviducts
transport ova and sperm
Name the three segments of the oviducts
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
this structure is lace like that envelops the ovaries
infundibulum
this segment is responsible for capturing the released ocyte and directing its transport
infundibulum
in what animals is the infundibulum separated from the ovary
sow, ewe, and cow
What segment is highly invaginated
ampulla
what do the invaginations cause
increase the surface area and are covered with cilia to aid in the movement of the ocyte down the ampulla
What is the final segment of the oviduct
isthmus
what is the site where the ampulla and isthmus join together
ampullary -isthmic junction
This is the site of fertilization of the oocytes by the sperm
ampullary- isthmic junction
What delays the transport of the ocytes
ampullary-isthmic junction
What is a benefit of the delay from the junction
increases the chances of becoming fertilized
where does the isthmus and uterus join together
uterotubal junction
What three layers does the uterus contain
outer covering, myometrium, endometrium
Intermediate smooth muscle layer responsible for uterine contractions
myometrium
the mucosal lining of the uterus
endometrium
This is the site of either embryo implantation or attachment of the extra embryonic membranes
endometrium
What protects the uterine environment
cervix
this is a thick walled, cartilaginous, elongated, smooth muscle sphincter that remains tightly closed except during estrus and parturition
cervix
Interlocking ridges in the cervix
annular rings
annular rings are present in what animals
cows and sheep
what are the cervixs functions
- passageway and reservoir for sperm, filter non viable sperm and consistently releasing viable sperm into the uterus for fertilization of ova
- barrier to prevent bacteria from reaching the uterus via the annular rings and the antibacterial properties of cervical mucous
- passageway for the fetus during parturition
the site of semen deposition
vagina
tubular in shape, thin walled, and very elastic
vagina
function of the male reproductive system
deliver gametes to the female reproductive system
male system consists of what
testes, male ducts, accessory glands, penis, and prepuce
the primary organs of the male system
testes
what is the function of the testes
produce male gametes and make reproductive hormones
where are the testes located
outside of the body cavity
small convoluted tubules located within the lobes of the testes
seminiferous tubules
seminiferous tubules make up how much of the total mass of the testes
90%
this contains the germ cells and is the site of sperm production
seminiferous tubules
located in between the seminiferous tubules
leydig cells
produce testosterone and other androgens when stimulated by the luteinizing hormone
leydig cells
surrounds developing sperm, mediating the effects of follicle stimulating hormone, and nourishing the sperm
sertoli cells
the scrotum is divided by what
scrotal septum
what is the spermatic cord composed of
blood vessels, nerves, muscle fibers, connective tissue, and a portion of the vas deferens
long convoluted tube that functions to store, concentrate, and transport sperm
epididymis
what affects the transportation of semen in the epididymis
- pressure from the production of more sperm
- external pressure credited by normal movement
- negative pressure caused by ejaculation
this follows along the spermatic cord, passes through the inguinal canal to the pelvic region
vas deferens
function of vas deferens
transport sperm
function of urethra
expel urine and semen
name the male accessory glands
ampullae, vesicular glands, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands
this is the male organ of copulation and deposits semen in the vagina or cervix
penis
two types of penis
vascular and fibroelastic
S shaped bend in the penis
sigmoid flexure
puberty is reached in hogs
4-7 months
68-90 kg
puberty is reached in sheep
7-10 months
27-34 kg
puberty is reached in filly
15-24 months
puberty is reached in dairy
8-13 months
160-260 kg
puberty is reached in beef
10-15 months
225-310 kg
