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Microbiology Unit 2 > Chapter4 > Flashcards

Chapter4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Appendages ( 2 major groups)

A

Flagella and axial filaments: provide motility

Frimbriae and pili: provide attachment points of channels

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2
Q

Phototaxis

A

Movement In response to light

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3
Q

Run

A

Counterclockwise movement of flagella

Cell swims in a smooth, linear direction toward stimulus

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4
Q

Tumble

A

Flagella reverses direction, causing cell to stop or change course

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5
Q

Axial filament

A

2 or more coiled threads
Internal flagellum enclosed between cell wall and cell membrane
Import a twisting or flexing motion

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6
Q

Fimbriae

A

Small bristle-like fibers sprouting off the surface

Formation of biofilms

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7
Q

Pili

A

Long rigid tubular structures made of pilin protein

Used in conjugation, the partial transfer of DNA from one cell to another

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8
Q

Common shapes of bacteria:

A 
Coccus: spheres, oval, bean shaped, and pointed
Bacillus: cylindrical
Spirillum: rigid helix, short chains
Spirochete:
Flexible helix
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9
Q

Arrangements of cocci

A

Tetrads: 4
Staphylococci: irregular clusters
Streptococci: chains of 9 or few to hundreds of cells
Sarcina: cubical packet of 8, 16 or more

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10
Q

Arrangements of bacilli:

A

Diplobaccilis: pairs (ends attach)
Streptobacilli: chains of cells
Palisades: cells of a chain remain partially attached and fold back creating side by side rows

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11
Q

Characteristics of plasmids

A

Non essential pieces of DNA
Separate, double stranded circles of DNA
Confer protective traits
Senetic engineering

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12
Q

Monotrichous

A

Single flagellum

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13
Q

Lophotrichous

A

Small bunches or tufts

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14
Q

Amohitrichous

A

Flagella at both poles of cells

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15
Q

Peritrichius

A

Flagella are dispersed randomly over the surface of cell

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16
Q

Gram positive

A

Thick cell wall composed of peptidoglycan
Inner cytoplasmic membrane
Function of trichroic and lipoteichoic acid
En,argument during cell division
Acidic charge on cell surface

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17
Q

Gram negative

A

Single thin sheet of peptidoglycan

Contains lipopolysacchoride

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18
Q

Capsule made of

A

Glycocalyx

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19
Q

Capsule helpful to bacterium

A

Protect against WBC

Blocks the mechanism that phagocytes use to attach to and engulf bacteria

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20
Q

Glycocalx

A

Protects the bacteria

Helps it adhere to surfaces

21
Q

Chromatin

A

A prominent feature of the nucleoplasm in stained preparations is a network of dark fibers

22
Q

Histone

A

Proteins associated with eukaryotic DNA. These simple proteins serve as winding spools to compact and condense the chromosomes

23
Q

Trophozoite

A

Stage requires food and moisture to remain active

24
Q

Saprobes

A

They obtain these substrates from remnants of dead plants and animals in soil or aquatic habitats

25
Q

Hyphae

A

Long, threadlike cells found in the bodies of filamentous fungi or molds

26
Q

Pseudohyphae

A

A chain of yeasts formed when buds remain attached in a row

27
Q

Mycelium

A

Woven intertwining mass of hyphAe that makes up the body or colony of a mold

28
Q

Intermediate host

A

Larval development occurs is the intermediate

29
Q

Definitive host

A

Adulthood and mating

30
Q

Host range

A

Infects only liver cells of humans

31
Q

Bacteriophages

A

Contain double stranded DNA

32
Q

Prophage

A

Inactive state, during which it is inserted into the bacterial chromosome

33
Q

Viral multiplication

A

Adsorption
Penetration
Uncoating
Synthesis

34
Q

Cytopathic effects

A

Virus- induced damage to the cell that alters its microscopic appearance

35
Q

Plaques

A

Where virus-infected cells have been destroyed show up as clear, well defined patches in the cell sheet

36
Q

Prions

A

Fibrils are the agents of the disease

37
Q

Reverse transcriptase

A

Synthesizing DNA from RNA

38
Q

Transduction

A

One way that genes for toxin production and drug resistance are transferred between bacteria

39
Q

Naked viruses

A

Viruses that consist of only a nucleocapsid

40
Q

Oncoviruses

A

Mammalian viruses capable of initiating tumors

41
Q

Lysogeny

A

Host chromosomes carries bacteriophage DNA

42
Q

Induction

A

The prophase in a lysogenic cell will be activated and progress directly into viral replication and the lyric cycle

43
Q

Lysogenic conversion

A

Bacterium acquires a new trait from its temperate phage

44
Q

Bacterial cells

A

Capable of carrying out all necessary life activities

Reproduction, metabolism, nutrient processing

45
Q

Where is the ribosomal RNA made in eukaryotic cells

A

Nucleolus

46
Q

Why types of organisms have cell walls

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Plants

47
Q

Protozoan cysts

A

Infectious form of many protozoan parasites, usually passed in feces

48
Q

Table 5.5

A

Nematodes= roundworms
Flatworms
Trematodes= flukes
Cestodes= tapeworms

49
Q

Viral spikes

A

A peplomer is a glycoprotein spike on a viral capsid

Microbiology Unit 2 (6 decks)

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