chapter 9 part 2

Question 1

spliceosome

Answer 1

Occurs only in eukaryotic 
recognizes exon-intron junctions
enzymatically cuts them
loops introns, joins exons end to end
completed mRNA strand

Question 2

introns

Answer 2

clip out
do not want in
intervening sequences of bases

Question 3

viruses contain

Answer 3

double-stranded DNA
single-stranded RNA
double-stranded RNA
single-stranded DNA

Question 4

Operons

Answer 4

located only in bacteria and archaea

coordinated set of genes regulated as a single unit

Question 5

inducible operons

Answer 5

glucose+ galactose (Lactose)
need turned on for coding of enzymes
catabolic enzyme

Question 6

Repressible operons

Answer 6

anabolic enzymes

always on

Question 7

lactose operon

regulator

Answer 7

a gene that codes for the repressor

Question 8

Repressor

Answer 8

a protein capable of repressing the operon

Question 9

Promoter

Answer 9

recognizes by RNA polymerase

Question 10

operator

Answer 10

acts as an on/off switch for transcription

Question 11

structural locus

Answer 11

3 genes

coding for different enzymes needed to catabolize lactose

Question 12

allosteric

Answer 12

2 binding sites
one for operator sequence on DNA and another for lactose
In absence of lactose, repressor binds to operator, blocking transcription of structural genes

Question 13

repressible operon

Answer 13

on mode

only be turned off when nutrient is not longer required

Question 14

corepressor

Answer 14

excess nutrient

block the action of the operon

Question 15

phase variation

Answer 15

bacteria turning on and off

phenotypic changes

Question 16

phase variations

Answer 16

bacteria ma change cell surface markers

change attachment fimbriae and capsule production

Question 17

difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription and translation

Answer 17

cotranslational translation only occurs in bacteria and archaea

Question 18

drugs that inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 18

rifamycins

actinomycin D

Question 19

control locus

Answer 19

promotor- RNA polymerase binds

operator-

Question 20

Structural locus

Answer 20

codes for 3 enzymes

Question 21

recombination

Answer 21

one bacteria donates DNA to another bacterium

Question 22

conjugation

Answer 22

donor cell with pilus
fertility plasmid in donor
both donor and recipient alive
direct

Question 23

transformation

Answer 23

free donor DNA
live, competent recipient cell
indirect

Question 24

transduction

Answer 24

donor is lysed bacterial cell
live recipient
indirect

Question 25

plasmids

Answer 25

not necessary for cells

Question 26

replication

Answer 26

DNA to DNA

Question 27

transcription

Answer 27

DNA to RNA

mRNA

Question 28

translation

Answer 28

mRNA to amino acid sequence= protein

Question 29

transformation

Answer 29

acceptance by a bacteria cell of small fragments of soluble SNA from the surrounds environment

Question 30

competent

Answer 30

capable of accepting genetic material

Question 31

Frederick Griffith

Answer 31

worked with encapsulated and non-encapsulated

Question 32

transduction

Answer 32

bacterophage

DNA

Question 33

transposons or transposable elements (TEs)

Answer 33

jumping genes shift from one part of the genome to another

Barbara McClintock

Question 34

3 ways that bacteria horizontally shares genes

Answer 34

conjugation
transformation
transduction