chapter3 individual differences Flashcards
demographic characteristic (Y)
physical and observable characteristics of individuals, including gender, ethnicity, and age
stereotype threat
Awareness of subgroup differences on standardized tests creates frustration among minority test takers and ultimately lowers test scores
reverse mentoring (Y)
pairs a senior employee with a junior employee to transfer the skills of the junior employee to the senior employee
psychographic characteristic (Y)
any personality, value, attitude, interest, or lifestyle attribute.
personality (Y)
the dynamic mental attributes and processes that determine individual’s emotional and behavioral adjustments to their enviroments
trait
a tendency to behave consistently over time and in a variety of situation
achievement motivation (Y)
strong desires to accomplish something important, and take pleasure in succeeding at something important and demanding
fear of failure (Y)
an anticipatory feeling of anxiety about attempting a challenging task, failing, and appearing incompetent
tolerance for ambiguity
propensity to view ambiguous situations as either threatening or desirable
locus of control
the degree to which a person generally perceives events to be under his or her control (internal locus) or under the control of others (external locus)
type A personality
impatient, competitive, ambitious, and uptight; experiences a frustrated sense of wasting time when not actively engaged in productive activity
type B personality
relaxed and easygoing; less overly competitive than Type B
Big Five
a personality framework consisting of extroversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience
machiavellianism (马基利维娅主意；权术主义）（Y）
an individual’s general strategy for dealing with other people and the degree to which they feel they can manipulate others in interpersonal situations. （男性，年轻人）
workplace bully
a repeated mistreatment of another employee through verbal abuse; conduct that is threatening humiliating, or intimidating; or sabotage that interferes with the other person’s work
myers-briggs type indicator
a personality inventory based on carl Jung’s work on psychological type. Extraversion/Introversion; Sensing/Intuition; Thinking/Feeling; Judging/Perceiving
general mental ability
the capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire, process, and apply information
information processing capacity
the manner in which individuals process and organize information
mental ability tests
assess general mental abilities including verbal and mathematical reasoning, logic, and perceptual abilities
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
there are a number of distinct forms of intelligence that each individual possess in varying degrees. (Linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical,bodily-kinesthetic;spatial-visual;interpersonal;intrapersonal)
emotional intelligence
an interpersonal capability that includes the ability to perceive and express emotions, to understand and use them, and to manage emotions in onself and other people
