chapter 2 Diversity

Question 1

diversity Y

Answer 1

The variety of observable and unobservable similarities and differences among people

Question 2

surface-level diversity Y

Answer 2

observable differences in people, including race, age, ethnicity,physical abilities, physical characteristics, and gender

Question 3

deep-level diversity Y

Answer 3

无法直接观察到的diversity，包括目标、价值、人格、做决定的方式、知识、技巧、能力和态度等

Question 4

relationship demography Y

Answer 4

a single group member’s similarities to and differences from other group members

Question 5

token Y

Answer 5

由于某些特质而成为了一个group中的numerical minority，被认为可以fully represent that minority group

Question 6

separation (Y) 有人支持，有人反对administrator的决定，

Answer 6

Within group diversity的一种：differences in position or opinion among group members reflecting disagreement or opposition- dissimilarity in an attitude or value, for example, especially with regard to group goals or processes.

Question 7

variety (y)

Answer 7

within group diversity的一种：differences in a certain type or category, including group members’ expertise, knowledge, or functional background

Question 8

disparity （y)

Answer 8

within group diversity 的一种：有价值的社会资源或财产的分配不均：如排名、薪酬、决定权、地位等

Question 9

faultline (断层线） （Y)

Answer 9

由于不同组的组员在特性上的差异和共性而形成的separation。

Question 10

social integration (Y)

Answer 10

when members feel they are a core part of the group.

Question 11

task conflict (Y)

Answer 11

conflict over task issues, 比如目标、deadline，和过程等

Question 12

relationship conflict (Y)

Answer 12

Interpersonal conflict including personality clashes

Question 13

inclusion (Y)

Answer 13

the sense of being safe, valued, and engaged in a group

Question 14

information processing (Y)

Answer 14

a change in the way groups integrate information and reconcile different perspectives

Question 15

“like me” bias （Y）

Answer 15

人们喜欢和自己相似的人associate到一块

Question 16

social categorization theory (y)

Answer 16

和“like me” bias的思路是一致的。similarities and differences among people form the basis for sorting self and others into similar in-group members and dissimilar out-groups.

Question 17

stereotype (Y)

Answer 17

a belief about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in that particular group will behave the same way

Question 18

ethnocentrism

Answer 18

认为自己的语言、国家、文化、社会规则比别的都好

Question 19

organizational networks (Y)

Answer 19

组织内部的formal 或 informal network，patterns of task and personal relationships among employees. 会影响到knowledge sharing,resource accessibility, and work opportunities.

Question 20

reciprocal mentoring

Answer 20

matches senior employees with diverse junior employees to allow both people to learn more about a different group

Question 21

power distance

Answer 21

the degree of inequality that exists and that is accepted among people with and without power

Question 22

individualism

Answer 22

reflects the strengh of the ties people rend to have with others in their community

Question 23

masculinity (Y)

Answer 23

how much a society values and exhibits traditional male and female roles and expects them to be distinct

Question 24

uncertainty avoidance

Answer 24

the degree of anxiety members feel in uncertain or unfamiliar situations

Question 25

long-term orientation

Answer 25

reflects a focus on long-term planning, delivering on social obligations, and avoiding “losing face”

Question 26

expatriate

Answer 26

person temporarily or permanently living in a country other than that of legal residence.