Chapter 1 What is organizational behavior

Question 1

Organizational behavior

Answer 1

解释并预测人们在一个organization里如何解释不同的事物、做出不同反应；阐述一个组织的系统、结构，以及其内部过程是如何影响人们的行为

Question 2

organization

Answer 2

共同目标；各自分工（formally assigned roles);协同合作

Question 3

cost leadership strategy

Answer 3

在保持质量的前提下，努力成为行业中造价最低的企业

Question 4

operational excellence

Answer 4

为追求成本最低，而在生产或develop产品的过程中最大限度地提高效率

Question 5

differentiation strategy

Answer 5

生产对客户有独特功能、价值的产品或服务

Question 6

product innovation

Answer 6

研发新的产品或服务

Question 7

specialization strategy

Answer 7

专注一个狭窄的市场面或niche，在该范围内采取differentiation strategy或cost leadership strategy

Question 8

customer intimacy

Answer 8

delivering unique and customizable products or services to meet customers’ needs and increase customer loyalty.

Question 9

growth strategy

Answer 9

公司通过自由生长或并购来实现扩张

Question 10

Scientific management

Answer 10

productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized with precise sets of instructions based on time-and-motion studies.

Question 11

Hawthorn effect

Answer 11

知道自己被assess时，人们会主动在某些行为上做出改进

Question 12

human relations movement

Answer 12

与scientific management把人当可以替换的螺丝相反，human relations movement将organization看做一个cooperative system，并将工人的orientations，values和feelings试做organizational dynamic和performance的重要元素

Question 13

two-way communication

Answer 13

工人和CEO之间的双向交流

Question 14

parochialism

Answer 14

viewing the world solely through one’s own eyes and perspective

Question 15

global mindset

Answer 15

国际视野

Question 16

ethics

Answer 16

指导人们在不同情况下应该如何反应的标准

Question 17

organizational culture

Answer 17

a system of shared values, norms, and assumptions that guide members’ attitudes and behaviors

Question 18

code of conduct

Answer 18

能够用来具体描述工作场所中不应该或应该出现的行为，并能给出合适行为的具体例子

Question 19

code of ethics

Answer 19

能够体现一个og最高价值观的decision-making guide

Question 20

cooperate social responsibility

Answer 20

business living and working together for the common good and valuing human dignity

Question 21

scientific method

Answer 21

一种生成知识的方法，依靠systematic studies来寻找结果，并用不同的方法、在不同的情况下复制实验、寻找不同的例子来证实结果。

Question 22

theory

Answer 22

a collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how and why variables are related, and the conditions under which they should and should not be related.