Chapter17 part8 p.600-603 hearing process

Question 0

Tympanic membrane vibrates in resonance to sound waves w/ frequencies between what range?

Answer 0

20 and 20000Hz

Question 1

6 steps of hearing process

Answer 1

1. sound wave arrive at tympanic membrane
2. movement of tympanic membrane cause displacement of auditory ossicles
3. movement of tapes at oval window establish pressure waves in perilyph of scala vestibuli
4. pressure waves distort basilar membrane on their way to the round window of the scala tympani
5. vibration of the basilar membrane causes hair cells to vibrate against tectorial membrane
6. Information about the region and the intensity of stimulation is relayed to the CNS over the cochlear branch of cranial nerve VII

Question 2

Pressure applied at the oval window can be relieved only at what location?

Answer 2

round window

Question 3

When the stapes move inward, the round window

Answer 3

bulges outward

Question 4

The perilymph that is connected to the oval window is called

Answer 4

scala vestibuli

Question 5

the part of the perilymph that is connected to the round window is called

Answer 5

scala tympani

Question 6

The location of max distortion varies with _________ of the sound, due to regional differences in the width and flexibility of the ____________ along its length

Answer 6

frequency, basilar membrane

Question 7

High frequency sounds with _______ wavelength vibrate the basilar membrane near ___________

Answer 7

short, oval window

Question 8

lower sound frequency has _________ wavelength and the maximum distortion area is farther from___________

Answer 8

longer, oval window

Question 9

information about frequency is translated into info about_________

Answer 9

position along basilar membrane

Question 10

vibration of the affected region of the basilar membrane moves the hair cells against____________

Answer 10

tectorial membrane

Question 11

The movement of the hair cells leads to the displacement of the ________, which opens ___________ in plasma membranes of the hair cells.

Answer 11

sterocilia, ion channels

Question 12

The ________ of ions depolarize the hair cells and cause what?

Answer 12

inrush, release of neurotransmitters that stimulate sensory neurons

Question 13

Hair cells of spiral organ are arranged in what?

Answer 13

several rows

Question 14

Cell bodies of the bipolar sensory neurons that monitor the cochlear hair cells are located where?

Answer 14

center of the bony cochlea- spiral ganglion

Question 15

From the spiral ganglion, the information is carried by what to cochlear nuclei of what for distribution to other centers in the brain?

Answer 15

cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII, medulla oblongata

Question 16

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons that are activated by stimulation of hair cells is located where?

Answer 16

adjacent spiral ganglion

Question 17

AFferent fibers of the auditory sensory neurons form what of what nerve?

Answer 17

cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve VIII

Question 18

The axons from the cochlear branch enter what to synapse where?

Answer 18

medulla oblongata, cochlear nucleus

Question 19

where does the signal go from medulla oblongata cochlear nucleus of what organ

Answer 19

information ascends to superior olivary nucleus of pons and inferior colliculi of midbrain

Question 20

The midbrain processes responses to acoustic stimuli, including auditory reflexes that involve what muscles of which part?

Answer 20

skeletal muslces, head, face, trunk

Question 21

What creates the automatic change of the position of our head and eyes toward source of sound?

Answer 21

midbrain processed reflex

Question 22

Before reaching the cerebral cortex and awareness, the auditory sensation synapse where?

Answer 22

medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

Question 23

Projection fibers deliver information from medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus to

Answer 23

auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Question 24

How are the frequencies of the sound relayed to the brain

Answer 24

The auditory cortex contains a map of the spiral organ

Question 25

Most of the auditory info from one cochlea is projected to which part of the brain?
explain the left/right sides+ signal

Answer 25

auditory complex of crebral hemisphere on opposite side of the brain
but each auditory cortex also receives info from cochlea on that side- localization of left/right sounds

Question 26

name 3 symptoms in ear of getting old

Answer 26

1. tympanic membrane gets less flexible
2. articulations between the ossicles stiffen
3. round window begin to ossify