Chapter16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Endocrine System?

A

Hormones as chemical messengers

  • Negative Feedback Systems
  • Chemical Structure (Peptide and Steroid)
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2
Q

What are the glands in the Endocrine Glands

?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Thymus
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid
  • Adrenal Glands
  • Pancreas
  • pineal
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
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3
Q

Classification of Steroids?

A

They are lipids and enter the cell nucleus to initiate transcription directly.

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4
Q

Classification of Nonsteroid

A

Needs a secondary messenger system to activate transcription in the nucleus

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5
Q

What type of tissue does the Pancreas contain?

A

Exocrine and endocrine tissue

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6
Q

Where are steroids derived from?

A

Cholesterol

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7
Q

What systems regulate metabolic activities?

A

Endocrine and nervous system

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8
Q

What does the Pineal gland secrete?

A

Melatonin

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9
Q

what is the significance of Progesterone during pregnancy?

A

To save the infant from contraction during labor

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10
Q

Is the endocrine system negative feedback or positive feedback?

A

Negative feedback

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11
Q

Good levels of HDL and LDL

A

HDL <40

LDL >130

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12
Q

When does positive feedback occur?

A

-Blood clotting, sneezing, Child Birth, Uterine contractions

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13
Q

Which hormones act as Antagonists, such as:

A
  • Calcitonin and Parathyroud hormone

- Insulin and Glucagon

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14
Q

Endocrine Disorders refers to?

A

All disorders reflect impaired control or feedback

-excess hormone levels

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15
Q

Define diabetes Mellitus

A

Basic problem is inadequate insulin effects in receptor tissues. (deficit of insulin secretion or production of insulin antagonists)

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16
Q

Define Type 1 Diabetes

A
  • Insulin Dependent diabetes Mellitus or Juvenile Diabetes
  • Autoimmune destruction of beta in pancreas
  • insulin replacement required
17
Q

Define Type 2 Diabetes

A

Non-insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus

-Component of Metabolic syndrome

18
Q

General Manifestations of diabetes mellitus

19
Q

General Manifestations of DM cont.

A

Rules of 3 P’s

  • Polyuria
  • polydipsea
  • polyphagia
20
Q

Define hyperglycemia

A

Blood glucose levels rise

21
Q

Define Glucosuria

A

Excess glucose in urine

22
Q

Preferred HbA1C level

23
Q

What are the Metabloic changes during type 1 diabetes?

A
  • Catabolism of fats and proteins
  • Ketouria
  • Compensated metabolic acidosis
24
Q

One classification of the Parathyroid hormone

A

maintains the calcium in your body

25
What is the most common cause of pituitary disorders?
Adenomas
26
what regulates your urine excretion?
ADH
27
Define Goiter?
Enlargement of thyroid gland
28
Define Hyperthyroidism
- Graves diesease - Related autoimmune factor - Increased stimulation of SNS