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FInal > Chapter16 > Flashcards

Chapter16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Endocrine System?

A

Hormones as chemical messengers

  • Negative Feedback Systems
  • Chemical Structure (Peptide and Steroid)
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2
Q

What are the glands in the Endocrine Glands

?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Thymus
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid
  • Adrenal Glands
  • Pancreas
  • pineal
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
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3
Q

Classification of Steroids?

A

They are lipids and enter the cell nucleus to initiate transcription directly.

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4
Q

Classification of Nonsteroid

A

Needs a secondary messenger system to activate transcription in the nucleus

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5
Q

What type of tissue does the Pancreas contain?

A

Exocrine and endocrine tissue

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6
Q

Where are steroids derived from?

A

Cholesterol

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7
Q

What systems regulate metabolic activities?

A

Endocrine and nervous system

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8
Q

What does the Pineal gland secrete?

A

Melatonin

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9
Q

what is the significance of Progesterone during pregnancy?

A

To save the infant from contraction during labor

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10
Q

Is the endocrine system negative feedback or positive feedback?

A

Negative feedback

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11
Q

Good levels of HDL and LDL

A

HDL <40

LDL >130

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12
Q

When does positive feedback occur?

A

-Blood clotting, sneezing, Child Birth, Uterine contractions

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13
Q

Which hormones act as Antagonists, such as:

A
  • Calcitonin and Parathyroud hormone

- Insulin and Glucagon

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14
Q

Endocrine Disorders refers to?

A

All disorders reflect impaired control or feedback

-excess hormone levels

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15
Q

Define diabetes Mellitus

A

Basic problem is inadequate insulin effects in receptor tissues. (deficit of insulin secretion or production of insulin antagonists)

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16
Q

Define Type 1 Diabetes

A
  • Insulin Dependent diabetes Mellitus or Juvenile Diabetes
  • Autoimmune destruction of beta in pancreas
  • insulin replacement required
17
Q

Define Type 2 Diabetes

A

Non-insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus

-Component of Metabolic syndrome

18
Q

General Manifestations of diabetes mellitus

A
19
Q

General Manifestations of DM cont.

A

Rules of 3 P’s

  • Polyuria
  • polydipsea
  • polyphagia
20
Q

Define hyperglycemia

A

Blood glucose levels rise

21
Q

Define Glucosuria

A

Excess glucose in urine

22
Q

Preferred HbA1C level

A

> 6

23
Q

What are the Metabloic changes during type 1 diabetes?

A
  • Catabolism of fats and proteins
  • Ketouria
  • Compensated metabolic acidosis
24
Q

One classification of the Parathyroid hormone

A

maintains the calcium in your body

25
Q

What is the most common cause of pituitary disorders?

A

Adenomas

26
Q

what regulates your urine excretion?

A

ADH

27
Q

Define Goiter?

A

Enlargement of thyroid gland

28
Q

Define Hyperthyroidism

A
  • Graves diesease
  • Related autoimmune factor
  • Increased stimulation of SNS

FInal (10 decks)

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