Chapter16 Flashcards
What is the Endocrine System?
Hormones as chemical messengers
- Negative Feedback Systems
- Chemical Structure (Peptide and Steroid)
What are the glands in the Endocrine Glands
?
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary
- Thymus
- Thyroid
- Parathyroid
- Adrenal Glands
- Pancreas
- pineal
- Ovaries
- Testes
Classification of Steroids?
They are lipids and enter the cell nucleus to initiate transcription directly.
Classification of Nonsteroid
Needs a secondary messenger system to activate transcription in the nucleus
What type of tissue does the Pancreas contain?
Exocrine and endocrine tissue
Where are steroids derived from?
Cholesterol
What systems regulate metabolic activities?
Endocrine and nervous system
What does the Pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
what is the significance of Progesterone during pregnancy?
To save the infant from contraction during labor
Is the endocrine system negative feedback or positive feedback?
Negative feedback
Good levels of HDL and LDL
HDL <40
LDL >130
When does positive feedback occur?
-Blood clotting, sneezing, Child Birth, Uterine contractions
Which hormones act as Antagonists, such as:
- Calcitonin and Parathyroud hormone
- Insulin and Glucagon
Endocrine Disorders refers to?
All disorders reflect impaired control or feedback
-excess hormone levels
Define diabetes Mellitus
Basic problem is inadequate insulin effects in receptor tissues. (deficit of insulin secretion or production of insulin antagonists)
Define Type 1 Diabetes
- Insulin Dependent diabetes Mellitus or Juvenile Diabetes
- Autoimmune destruction of beta in pancreas
- insulin replacement required
Define Type 2 Diabetes
Non-insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus
-Component of Metabolic syndrome
General Manifestations of diabetes mellitus
General Manifestations of DM cont.
Rules of 3 P’s
- Polyuria
- polydipsea
- polyphagia
Define hyperglycemia
Blood glucose levels rise
Define Glucosuria
Excess glucose in urine
Preferred HbA1C level
> 6
What are the Metabloic changes during type 1 diabetes?
- Catabolism of fats and proteins
- Ketouria
- Compensated metabolic acidosis
One classification of the Parathyroid hormone
maintains the calcium in your body
What is the most common cause of pituitary disorders?
Adenomas
what regulates your urine excretion?
ADH
Define Goiter?
Enlargement of thyroid gland
Define Hyperthyroidism
- Graves diesease
- Related autoimmune factor
- Increased stimulation of SNS
