Chapter 13 Flashcards
Pharaynx
An organ that assists the digestive system and respiratory system.
Surfactant
reduces surface tension and maintain inflation.
Tidal Volume
Amount of air exchanged during inspiration and expiration.
Residual volume
Volume of air the remains in the lungs after maximum respiration.
Medulla Oblongatta
Respiratory center of the brain
Hypercapnia
carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase.
Hypoemia
Low oxygen in the blood.
Hypocapnia
Low carbon dioxide concentration in the blood.
Gas Exchange
Flow of gases between the alveolar air and blood.
How much oxygen dissolved in plasma?
about 1%
How does oxygen travel throughout the body?
hemoglobin
A reflex response to irritation in upper respiratory tract
Sneezing
Coughing?
- irritation caused by nasal discharge
- inflammation or foreign material in lower respiratory tract.
Sputum
- Yellowish-green, cloudy, thick mucus.
- Rusty or dark colored sputum
- thick, tenacious mucus (a sign of tumor or TB)
What is Hemopysis?
blood in the sputum
Breathing sounds: rales
light bubbly or crackling sounds
Breathing sounds: Ronchi
deeper or harsher sounds from thicker mucus
Breathing sounds: Absense
Collapsed lungs
Common Cold (infectious rhinitis)
viral infection
Bronchiolitis
Caused by respiratory syncytial virus
The role of the Medulla Oblongata
Helps regulate breathing, heart and blood vessel function.
What is Severe Acute respiratory syndrome?
- acute respiratory infection
- Causative microbe
Primary infection of Tuberculosis
When organism first enters the lungs.
Secondary or re-infection with TB
occurs when clients cell-mediated immunity is impaired.
Histoplasmosis
Fungal Infection
Cystic Fibrosis S/S:
- Meconium ileus may occur at birth.
- salty skin
- signs of malabsorption
- Chronic cough and frequent respiratory infections.
- failure to meet normal growth milestones.
What is the pathology of Lung Cancer?
-Bronchogenic carcinoma
What is Ateleactasis?
Shrinkage of the lungs
What is Hemoptysis?
Spitting of blood
Define Aspiration
Passage of food, fluid, emesis, other foreign material into trachea and lungs.
What is Status Asthamaticus?
- Acute episode of asthma
- Persistent severe attack of asthma.
Cromolyn
hypertension of the pulmonary valve
What is Emphysema?
Destruction of alveolar walls and septae.
-Caused by COPD
What is Chronic Bronchitis?
-Inflammation,obstruction, repeated infection, chronic coughing twice for 3 months or longer in 2 years.
What is Bronchiectasis?
- Irreversible abnormal dilation of medium sized bronchi.
- usually a secondary condition.
What is Pneumoconioses?
-A chronic restrictive diseases resulting from long term exposure to irritating particles.
What is Pulmonary Edema?
Fluid collecting in alveoli and interstial area.
What is pulmonary Embolus?
-Blood clot or mass that obstructs pulmonary artery or any of its branches.
What is Pleural Effusion?
-Presence of excessive fluid in the pleural cavity.
What is Pneumothorax?
-Air in pleural cavity
What is open pneomothorax?
-Atmospheric air enters the pleural cavity though an opening in the chest wall.
What is Flail Chest?
Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to move independently during respiration.
