Chapter13 Patient Assessment

Question 1

Identified by no chest wall movement and no sensation or sound of air moving in/out of the nose or mouth.

Answer 1

Apnea

Question 2

breathing of fluids into the lungs

Answer 2

Aspiration

Question 3

What is the mnemonic for Assessment of Mental Alertness?

Answer 3

AVPU
A= Alert
V = Responds to verbal stimulus
P= Responds to pain stimulus
U= Unresponsive

Question 4

Trauma that is caused by a force that impacts or is applied to the body but is not sharp enough to penetrate.

Answer 4

blunt trauma

Question 5

trauma that is a force that pierces the skin and body tissues, i.e knives, gunshots, tools, etc.

Answer 5

Penetrating trauma

Question 6

what is it when brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood vessels are moved or pressed away from their usual position inside the skull?

Answer 6

brain herniation

Question 7

What is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and provides the organ with protection and support?

Answer 7

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

When a patient answer the question “ Why did you call EMS today”

Answer 8

chief complaint

Question 9

Difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath is called?

Answer 9

dyspnea

Question 10

involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury that is associated with compression of the lower brain stem is known as?

Answer 10

extension posturing (decerebrate posturing)

Question 11

indicating severe brain injury that is associated with compression of the upper brain stem and causes patient to arches the back and flexes the arms inward toward the chest is known as?

Answer 11

flexion posturing (decorticate posturing)

Question 12

the patient (or trauma professional) is restrained from moving the cervical spine.

Answer 12

in-line stabilization

Question 13

an exam focused on a specific injury site

Answer 13

modified secondary assessment

Question 14

To cause to become closed; obstruct: occlude an artery. 2. To prevent the passage of: occlude

Answer 14

occluded

Question 15

What is dyspnea (shortness of breath) that occurs while lying down.
It is often a sign of heart failure

Answer 15

orthopnea

Question 16

a type of breathing in which all or part of a lung inflates during inspiration and balloons out during expiration; the opposite of normal chest motion

Answer 16

paradoxical movement

Question 17

open, unobstructed, or not closed.

Answer 17

patent

Question 18

a rapid, initial examination of a patient to recognize and manage all immediate life-threatening conditions

Answer 18

primary assessment

Question 19

rapid head-to-toe exam

Answer 19

rapid secondary assessment

Question 20

what is known as conduct that follows the secondary assessment

Answer 20

reassessment

Question 21

a continuation of the primary assessment, where the medical professional obtains vital signs, reassesses changes in the patient’s condition, and performs appropriate physical examinations.

Answer 21

secondary assessment

Question 22

what is the mnemonic for pain assessment.

Answer 22

.Onset – Did the pain start suddenly or gradually get worse and worse?

Provokes/Palliates – Does anything make the pain better or worse?

Quality – What does the pain feel like?

Radiates – Point to where it hurts the most. Does the pain go anywhere from there?

Severity – How would you rate your pain on a scale of 0 to 10?

Time – How long have you had the pain?

Question 23

what is the mnemonic to remember specific soft tissue injuries to look for during a person’s assessment after a traumatic injury.

Answer 23

DCAPBTLS

D-Deformity
C-Contusion
A-Abrasion
P-Puncture/Penetrating 
B-Burns
T-Tenderness
L-Laceration & 
S-Swelling

Question 24

what is the mnemonic to remember key questions for a person’s assessment.

Answer 24

S-Signs & symptoms
A-Allergies
M-Medications
P- Past medical history
L-Last oral intake
E-Events leading to this episode

Question 25

What the components of forming a general impression?

Answer 25

Estimate the patients age. Note the patients sex. Determine if the patient is a trauma or medical patient. Obtain the patients chief complaint. Identify (& mange) immediate life threats.

Question 26

What life threats require immediate attention if found while forming a general impression.

Answer 26

- An airway compromised by vomitus, blood, secretion, tongue, teeth or any other objects. - Obvious open wounds to the chest. - Paradoxical movement of a segment of the chest. - Major bleeding - Unresponsive with no breathing or no normal breathing.

Question 27

Pinch that extends from along the base of the neck to the shoulders

Answer 27

Trapezius Pinch

Question 28

Pressure applied with finger under the upper ridge of the eye socket

Answer 28

Supraorbital pressure

Question 29

hard downward pressure to the center of the sternum with knuckles

Answer 29

Sternal rub

Question 30

pinch of the soft tissue of the earlobe

Answer 30

Earlobe pinch

Question 31

Pinch of the skin & underlying tissue along the margin of the arm pit

Answer 31

Armpit pinch

Question 32

Example of peripheral pain stimuli

Answer 32

Nail bed pressure, pinch between the web of thumb/index figure, and pinch figure, toe, hand, or foot

Question 33

What do you watch for when applying painful stimulus?

Answer 33

facial grimace, purposeful/non-purposeful movement

Question 34

What is purposeful movement?

Answer 34

an attempt made by the patient to stop painful stimulus (pushes away, grabs hands, etc)

Question 35

What is non-purposeful movement?

Answer 35

movement made by patients with severe spinal or head injuries, i.e. flexion posturing and extension posturing

Question 36

low oxygen levels causes a patient to become agitated and anxious this is known as

Answer 36

hypoxia

Question 37

high carbon dioxide levels cause a patient to become confused and sleepy this is known as

Answer 37

hypercapnia

Question 38

What sounds indicate an airway obstruction

Answer 38

Snoring - rough, snoring-type sound on inspiration/exhalation Gurgling - a sound similar to rushing water on inspiration/exhalation crowing- a sound like cawing crow on inspiration Stridor - harsh, high-pitched sounds on inspiration

Question 39

What is the best method to assess breathing?

Answer 39

looking, listening, & feeling

Question 40

inadequate rate or inadequate tidal volume = ?

Answer 40

inadequate breathing

Question 41

adequate rate and adequate tidal volume = ?

Answer 41

adequate breathing

Question 42

Poor movement (rise) chest wall, indicating not air is being breathed in with each inspiration

Answer 42

inadequate tidal volume

Question 43

breathing that is to fast or to slow (outside the range of 8-24 adults and 15-30 child, 25-50 infant)

Answer 43

abnormal respiratory rate

Question 44

condition of reduced rate of breathing. It indicates the person is not taking sufficient amounts of oxygen while breathing. If the breathing rate is below 12 breaths for one minute

Answer 44

bradypena

Question 45

Because the brain cells require a constant supply of oxygen an altered metal status may be an early sign of ?

Answer 45

Hypoxia

Question 46

When the respiratory rate is greater than 40 per minute in the adult, the time for the lungs to fil is so short that the tidal volume will become in adequate and the patient will become ?

Answer 46

Hypoxic

Question 47

on average an elderly person respiratory rate is ? per minute

Answer 47

20

Question 48

cool, pale, clammy (moist) skin is an early sign of

Answer 48

hypoxia

Question 49

a late sign of hypoxia is

Answer 49

cyanosis

Question 50

respiratory rate that is to fast

Answer 50

tacyhpnea

Question 51

Chemorecptors constantly monitor the amount of ________and_______in arterial blood. the body increase respiratory rate in attempt to eliminate___________?

Answer 51

carbon dioxide and oxygen carbon dioxide

Question 52

Asymmetrical movement of the chest wall is AN IDICATION OF WHAT

Answer 52

SIGNIFICANT CHEST INJURY

Question 53

the uncomfortable sensation of breathing difficulty is produced when the oxygen demands of the cell are not being met by the respiratory or circulation system is known as

Answer 53

dyspnea

Question 54

when must you apply positive pressure ventilation supplemented with oxygen

Answer 54

if a patient is apneic (not breathing) or is inadequately breathing

Question 55

the method that pushes air and oxygen into the lungs is known as

Answer 55

positive pressure ventilation

Question 56

positive ventilation can be achieved by

Answer 56

mouth-to-mask, bag-valve-mask, or flow restricted, oxygen-powered device

Question 57

In patients that are breathing adequately, when is oxygen therapy recommended ?

Answer 57

signs of hypoxia, hypoxemia, poor perfusion, heart failure, respiratory distress, patient complaining of dyspnea and with SpO2 reading lower than 94%

Question 58

how is oxygen therapy usually delivered

Answer 58

nasal cannula 2 to 4 Ipm

Question 59

a patient with an SpO2 of <94% should be considered___________and given________

Answer 59

hypoxic supplemental oxygen

Question 60

elderly patients commonly have a irregularly irregular heart rhythms that is

Answer 60

an irregular or abnormal rhythm that has no regular pattern

Question 61

Bradycardia an ominous sign of hypoxia in

Answer 61

infants and children

Question 62

tachycardia is a heart rate of greater than

Answer 62

100per min

Question 63

a heart rate of greater than 100 per min is a sign of

Answer 63

anxiety, blood loss, shock, abnormal heart rhythms, heart attack, early hypoxia, fever, medical or traumatic conditions

Question 64

patients perfusion can be checked by checking

Answer 64

skin color, temperature, and condition

Question 65

pale and mottled skin

Answer 65

indicates a decrease in perfusion and the on set of shock patient is losing blood

Question 66

Cyanotic skin

Answer 66

bluish grey skin | may indicate patient has chest injury, blood loss or has pneumonia or pulmonary edema

Question 67

why does the skin of hypoxic patients appear blue

Answer 67

hemoglobin in red blood cells changes color when starve of oxygen

Question 68

red skin

Answer 68

increase in amount of blood circulating in the blood vessels of the skin indicator of anaphylactic shock, saogenic shock, poisoning, overdose, alcohol ingestion, inflammation cold exposure and heat stroke

Question 69

yellow skin

Answer 69

liver dysfunction

Question 70

treat shock patients with positive pressure ventilation with supplement oxygen at _______ with a _____________mask.

Answer 70

15 Ipm non-rebreather

Question 71

what is the mnemonic to remember

Answer 71

``` OPQRST O-Onset P-Provocation/Palliation Q-Quality R Radiation/region S-Severity T-timing ```