chapter 15

Question 1

A sudden, severe allergic reaction characterized by a sharp drop in blood pressure, urticaria, and breathing difficulties that is caused by exposure to a foreign substance, such as a drug or bee venom, after a preliminary or sensitizing exposure.

Answer 1

Anaphylactic Shock

Question 2

A dire form of cardiac arrest in which the heart stops beating and there is no electrical activity in the heart.

Answer 2

asystole

Question 3

a portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient,and is able to treat them through defibrillation, the application of electrical therapy which stops the arrhythmia, allowing the heart to reestablish an effective rhythm.

Answer 3

AED

Question 4

the loss and redistribution of fluid, electrolytes and plasma protein, increased blood viscosity and increased peripheral resistance that follow a severe burn contribute to shock.

Answer 4

burn shock

Question 5

sudden cessation of the pumping function of the heart with disappearance of arterial blood pressure, connoting either ventricular fibrillation or ventricular standstill.

Answer 5

cardiac arrest

Question 6

a condition in which a suddenly weakened heart isn’t able to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

Answer 6

cardiogenic shock

Question 7

refers to a series of actions that, when put into motion, reduce the mortality associated with cardiac arrest

Answer 7

chain of survival

Question 8

Any adult patient having a systolic blood pressure BELOW 90 mm Hg AND exhibiting signs of inadequate perfusion, which may include:

· Altered mental status (e.g., lethargy, coma);

· Increased Pulse Rate (Tachycardia);

· Pale Skin (Pallor);

· Cool, Clammy Skin (Diaphoresis);

· Pale conjunctiva;

· Delayed capillary refill;

· Orthostatic vital sign changes (EMT and AEMT only)

Any pediatric patient having a systolic blood pressure BELOW 70 mm/Hg OR the following signs of inadequate central (proximal) perfusion:

· Altered mental status (e.g., lethargy, coma);

· Extensive cyanosis of all extremities;

· Weak or impalpable central (proximal) pulses (femoral, brachial, carotid).

Answer 8

decompensatory shock

Question 9

a common treatment for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Answer 9

defibrillation

Question 10

Distributive shock occurs when the blood vessels are dilated with affects blood volume and blood pressure within the vessels.

Answer 10

distributive shock

Question 11

from the period of time a patient goes into cardiac arrest until CPR is effectively being performed.

Answer 11

downtime

Question 12

a condition of reduced tissue perfusion, resulting in the inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients that are necessary for cellular function.

Whenever cellular oxygen demand outweighs supply, both the cell and the organism are in a state of shock.

Answer 12

hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock

Question 13

decreased blood flow through an organ, as in hypovolemic shock;

Answer 13

hypoperfusion

Question 14

condition in which shock does not respond to available forms of treatment and in which recovery is impossible as a result of massive cellular damage.

Answer 14

irreversible shock

Question 15

occurs after an injury to the spinal cord. Sympathetic outflow is disrupted resulting in unopposed vagal tone.

Answer 15

neurogenic shock

Question 16

not causing or associated with hemorrhage

Answer 16

nonhemorrhagic shock

Question 17

refers to a cardiac arrest situation in which a heart rhythm is observed on the electrocardiogram that should be producing a pulse, but is not.

Answer 17

pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

Question 18

an emergency procedure, performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person in cardiac arrest

Answer 18

resuscitation

Question 19

resumption of sustained perfusing cardiac activity associated with significant respiratory effort after cardiac arrest.

Signs of ROSC include breathing, coughing, or movement and a palpable pulse or a measurable blood pressure.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation increase the chances of ROSC.

Answer 19

return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

Question 20

shock associated with overwhelming infection, usually by gram-negative bacteria, although it may be produced by other bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It is thought to result from the action of endotoxins or other products of the infectious agent on the vascular system causing large volumes of blood to be sequestered in the capillaries and veins; activation of the complement and kinin systems and the release of histamine, cytokines, prostaglandins, and other mediators may be involved. Clinical characteristics include initial chills and fever, warm flushed skin, increased cardiac output, and a lesser degree of hypotension than with hypovolemic shock; if therapy is ineffective, it may progress to the clinical picture associated with hypovolemic shock.

Answer 20

septic shock

Question 21

. a sudden disturbance of mental equilibrium.

a profound hemodynamic and metabolic disturbance due to failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs.

Answer 21

shock

Question 22

natural death from cardiac causes, heralded by abrupt loss of consciousness within one hour of the onset of acute symptoms.

Other forms of sudden death may be noncardiac in origin.

Examples include respiratory arrest (such as airway obstruction in cases of choking or asphyxiation), toxicity or poisoning, anaphylaxis, or trauma.

Answer 22

sudden death

Question 23

when a patient who survives cardiac arrest and is being released from the hospital

Answer 23

survival

Question 24

time when patient went into cardiac arrest to the time delivered to hospital

Answer 24

total down time

Question 25

when an emt arrives on scene and a patient is unresponsive, apneic and pulseless

Answer 25

unwitnessed cardiac arrest

Question 26

a condition in which there is uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly

Answer 26

ventricular fibrillation (VF or V-Fib)

Question 27

a type of tachycardia, or a rapid heart beat, that starts in the bottom chambers of the heart, called the ventricles.[1] The ventricles are the main pumping chambers of the heart. This is a potentially life-threatening arrhythmia because it may lead to ventricular fibrillation, asystole, and sudden death.

Answer 27

ventricular tachycardia (VT or V-tach)

Question 28

when an emt arrives on scene and witnesses a patient become unresponsive, apneic and pulseless

Answer 28

witnessed cardiac arrest