Chapter12-The Reproductive System And Genetics Flashcards
What is sexual reproduction?
It is the ability to produce new individuals, a characteristic of life, human reproduce sexually
What is a gamete?
A sex cell, male are sperm, female are eggs
What is fertilisation?
When a male and female gamete fuse to form a new cell called a zygote.
Name 5 parts of the male reproductive system
Penis, scrotum, testes, sperm duct, prostate gland and seminal vesicles.
Name 5 parts of the female reproductive system
Vagina, cervix, Fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries
What is puberty?
The time when the sex organs mature no other physical and emotional changes take place
What are 4 changes in puberty of boys?
Voice breaks and deepens
Sexual organs grow in size
Increase in body muscle
Pubic hair and hair on face, chest, underarms grows
What are 4 changes in puberty of girls?
Sexual organs grow in size
Breasts enlarge and hips widen
Ovaries begin to produce eggs and Montreal cycle begins
Pubic hair and hair on underarms begins to grow
What is the menstrual cycle?
A series of changes that takes place in the female body lasting about 28 days.
When does a period start?
Between day 1-5 of menstrual cycle
What is the purpose of the menstrual cycle?
To produce an egg and prepare the womb for pregnancy
What is ovulation?
The release of the egg from the ovary, usually occurring on the 14th day
When does the fertile period occur?
Day 11-17
What happens during the fertile period?
Ovary releases the egg and the lining of the uterus thickens with blood
What happens during sexual intercourse?
The erect penis is placed inside the vagina and the semen in ejaculated.
Where does fertilisation occur?
In the Fallopian tube.
What is implantation?
The attachment of the embryo to the lining of the womb
How long does human pregnancy last?
About 40 weeks
What happens during pregnancy?
Placenta forms to nourish baby and remove waste and baby is surrounded by amniotic fluids.
What is the birth of the baby caused by?
Contraction of muscles in the womb
Name 4 methods of contraception.
Condoms, contraceptive ‘pill’, natural methods, abstinence fro sexual intercourse
What are genetics?
The study of heredity
What are inheritable characteristics?
Ones caused by genes such as eye/hair colour
What are non-inheritable characteristics?
One that must be learned such as how to read/write
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA and protein
How many chromosomes are in the human body?
23 pairs
Where are genes found?
Along the lengths of chromosomes
