Chapter Two: Intro to Musculoskeletal Anatomy Flashcards
What is the movement of muscle?
When a muscle contracts, insertion is pulled toward origin
Fibrous joints
- have little movement
- sutures of the skull
Cartilaginous joints
Hyaline (primary): where bar of hyaline cartilage meets a bone
Fibrocartilage: where fibrocartilage meets a bone (intervertebral discs)
Synovial joints
Regular joint
- lubricated and protected
- largest and most relevant
6 components of synovial joints
- articular surface of bones
- articular cartilage
- synovial membrane and fluid
- fibrous capsule
- ligaments
- discs
Components of synovial joints: articular surface of bones
- has to be smooth to move well
Components of synovial joints: articular cartilage
- hyaline cartilage that covers articular surface
Components of synovial joints: synovial membrane and fluid
- the oil of the joint
- creates joint space “inner bag”
Components of synovial joints: fibrous capsule
- provides stability
- made of dense connective tissue “outer bag”
Components of synovial joints: ligaments
- restrict movement around the joint
- connects bone to bone
Components of synovial joints: discs
- made of fibrocartilage to absorb shock
- allow for complex movements
3 types of Synovial joints
- uniaxial
- biaxial
- multiaxial
Synovial joints: Uniaxial
Can only move in one direction and plane
- hinge: elbows, knees
- pivot: radioulnar joint
Synovial joints: Biaxial
Can move in two directions
- fingers and wrists
Can move in two planes
- knuckles and wrists
Synovial joints: Multiaxial
Can move in all directions
- ball and socket: hip and shoulder
- saddle: thumb
Parts of Axial Skeleton
- skull and mandible
- vertebral column
- thoracic cage
Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column consists of 30 vertebrae
- (7) cervical vertebrae
- (12) thoracic vertebrae
- (5) lumbar vertebrae
- (5) fused sacral vertebrae
- (1 or 2) coccygeal vertebrae
Axial Skeleton: Thoracic cage consists of
- (12) ribs
- sternum
Appendicular skeleton consists of
- upper and lower limbs
- shoulder girdle and pelvis
The upper limbs consist of
- Girdle: scapula and clavicle
- Humerus
- Radius and Ulna
- Wrist and Hand
The lower limbs consist of
- Girdle: hip bone
- Femur
- Tibia and Fibula
- Ankle and Foot
Flexion and Extension
Flexion: bending a certain part of body
Extension: extending a certain part of body
Abduction and Adduction
Abduction: Limbs (arms, legs, fingers) are moved away from the midline
Adduction: Limbs (arms, legs, fingers) are moved towards the midline
Medial and Lateral Rotation
Medial: turning anterior surface of the limb toward midline of body
Lateral: turning anterior surface of the limb away from the midline
Circumduction
movement of a limb in a circular pattern, combining flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
Pronation and Supination
Pronation: palm or forearm facing down
Supination: palm or forearm facing up
