Chapter Two: Intro to Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Question 1

What is the movement of muscle?

Answer 1

When a muscle contracts, insertion is pulled toward origin

Question 2

Fibrous joints

Answer 2

• have little movement
• sutures of the skull

Question 3

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 3

Hyaline (primary): where bar of hyaline cartilage meets a bone
Fibrocartilage: where fibrocartilage meets a bone (intervertebral discs)

Question 4

Synovial joints

Answer 4

Regular joint
- lubricated and protected
- largest and most relevant

Question 5

6 components of synovial joints

Answer 5

1. articular surface of bones
2. articular cartilage
3. synovial membrane and fluid
4. fibrous capsule
5. ligaments
6. discs

Question 6

Components of synovial joints: articular surface of bones

Answer 6

• has to be smooth to move well

Question 7

Components of synovial joints: articular cartilage

Answer 7

• hyaline cartilage that covers articular surface

Question 8

Components of synovial joints: synovial membrane and fluid

Answer 8

• the oil of the joint
• creates joint space “inner bag”

Question 9

Components of synovial joints: fibrous capsule

Answer 9

• provides stability
• made of dense connective tissue “outer bag”

Question 10

Components of synovial joints: ligaments

Answer 10

• restrict movement around the joint
• connects bone to bone

Question 11

Components of synovial joints: discs

Answer 11

• made of fibrocartilage to absorb shock
• allow for complex movements

Question 12

3 types of Synovial joints

Answer 12

1. uniaxial
2. biaxial
3. multiaxial

Question 13

Synovial joints: Uniaxial

Answer 13

Can only move in one direction and plane
- hinge: elbows, knees
- pivot: radioulnar joint

Question 14

Synovial joints: Biaxial

Answer 14

Can move in two directions
- fingers and wrists
Can move in two planes
- knuckles and wrists

Question 15

Synovial joints: Multiaxial

Answer 15

Can move in all directions
- ball and socket: hip and shoulder
- saddle: thumb

Question 16

Parts of Axial Skeleton

Answer 16

• skull and mandible
• vertebral column
• thoracic cage

Question 17

Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column consists of 30 vertebrae

Answer 17

• (7) cervical vertebrae
• (12) thoracic vertebrae
• (5) lumbar vertebrae
• (5) fused sacral vertebrae
• (1 or 2) coccygeal vertebrae

Question 18

Axial Skeleton: Thoracic cage consists of

Answer 18

• (12) ribs
• sternum

Question 19

Appendicular skeleton consists of

Answer 19

• upper and lower limbs
• shoulder girdle and pelvis

Question 20

The upper limbs consist of

Answer 20

• Girdle: scapula and clavicle
• Humerus
• Radius and Ulna
• Wrist and Hand

Question 21

The lower limbs consist of

Answer 21

• Girdle: hip bone
• Femur
• Tibia and Fibula
• Ankle and Foot

Question 22

Flexion and Extension

Answer 22

Flexion: bending a certain part of body
Extension: extending a certain part of body

Question 23

Abduction and Adduction

Answer 23

Abduction: Limbs (arms, legs, fingers) are moved away from the midline
Adduction: Limbs (arms, legs, fingers) are moved towards the midline

Question 24

Medial and Lateral Rotation

Answer 24

Medial: turning anterior surface of the limb toward midline of body
Lateral: turning anterior surface of the limb away from the midline

Question 25

Circumduction

Answer 25

movement of a limb in a circular pattern, combining flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

Question 26

Pronation and Supination

Answer 26

Pronation: palm or forearm facing down
Supination: palm or forearm facing up