Chapter Two - CT Cont.

Question 0

What increases the permeability of capillaries and venules as well as dilates arterioles and small arteries during a basic inflammatory reaction?

Answer 0

Histamine

Question 1

What cells are produced during the first exposure primary immune response?

Answer 1

Memory cells (B and T)

Question 2

What extends the effects of histamine?

Answer 2

Leukotrienes

Question 3

What reacts first in a basic inflammatory reaction like a cut in the skin?

Answer 3

Histamine

Question 4

What reacts last in a basic inflammation reaction like a cut in the skin?

Answer 4

Heparin and ECF

Question 5

What counters the effects of histamine?

Answer 5

Heparin

Question 6

What attracts neutrophils?

Answer 6

NCF

Question 7

What attracts eosinophils?

Answer 7

ECF

Question 8

What is the stimulus for a basic inflammatory reaction like a cut in the skin?

Answer 8

Phagocytosis, direct trauma, complement

Question 9

What is the stimulus for an intermediate inflammatory reaction?

Answer 9

IgE/allergen complex

Question 10

Hay fever and allergic contact dermatitis are examples of what kind of inflammatory reaction?

Answer 10

Intermediate

Question 11

Dead cells, debris, and broken fibers are examples of what kind of inflammatory response?

Answer 11

Basic

Question 12

What is massively produced during anaphylaxis?

Answer 12

IgE

Question 13

Exposure to bee venom, peanut oil, and shellfish are examples of what kind of inflammatory reaction?

Answer 13

Anaphylaxis

Question 14

What can the circulatory shock of anaphylaxis lead to?

Answer 14

Cardiovascular collapse

Question 15

What is the cause of cardiovascular collapse with severe anaphylaxis?

Answer 15

Extensive internal bleeding

Question 16

Which type of asthma involves an unknown allergen with a usual adult onset?

Answer 16

Intrinsic asthma

Question 17

Which type of asthma involves allergens that are typically in the air and childhood onset?

Answer 17

Extrinsic asthma

Question 18

What is the primary problem of asthma?

Answer 18

Release of leukotrienes

Question 19

What stimulates asthma?

Answer 19

IgE allergen complex or secondary factors like fatigue, endocrine changes, odors, emotions, foods, etc.

Question 20

What causes secondary difficulties of asthma?

Answer 20

Inflammation in the lungs

Question 21

What cells become macrophages in connective tissue?

Answer 21

Monocytes

Question 22

What phagocytic cells are attracted to sites of acute inflammation?

Answer 22

Neutrophils

Question 23

What cells combat parasitic worm larvae?

Answer 23

Eosinophils

Question 24

What leukocytes are attracted to sites of allergic inflammation?

Answer 24

Eosinophils

Question 25

What is the most abundant leukocyte in the blood?

Answer 25

Neutrophils

Question 26

Basophils are similar to what kind of cell?

Answer 26

Mast cells

Question 27

What is the function of basophils?

Answer 27

Initiate, maintain, and influence inflammation

Question 28

What kind of leukocyte is attracted to sites of chronic inflammation?

Answer 28

Lymphocytes

Question 29

What is the adult stem cell?

Answer 29

Mesenchyme cells

Question 30

What is the function of mesenchymal cells?

Answer 30

To change into a different cell type

Question 31

Do mesenchyme cells exist in humans?

Answer 31

Yes, but numbers decrease

Question 32

Reticular cells derived from what cells?

Answer 32

Mesenchymal cells

Question 33

What is the function of reticular cells?

Answer 33

To make reticular fibers when needed on a permanent basis

Question 34

Larger number of cells and cell types is characteristic of what kind of connective tissue proper?

Answer 34

Loose connective tissue

Question 35

Fewer fibers is characteristic of what kind of connective tissue proper?

Answer 35

Loose connective tissue

Question 36

Increased amount of ground substance is characteristic of what kind of connective tissue proper?

Answer 36

Loose connective tissue

Question 37

Being quite vascular is characteristic of what kind of connective tissue proper?

Answer 37

Loose connective tissue

Question 38

Where can the majority of loose areolar connective tissue be found?

Answer 38

Greater and lesser omenta

Question 39

Where can small amounts of loose areolar connective tissue be found?

Answer 39

Around blood vessels

Question 40

Where can loose irregular connective tissue be found?

Answer 40

In the papillary layer of the dermis and beneath the epithelium in organs

Question 41

Fewer cells and cell types is characteristic of what kind of connective tissue proper?

Answer 41

Dense connective tissue

Question 42

Many fibers is characteristic of what kind of connective tissue proper?

Answer 42

Dense connective tissue

Question 43

Decreased amounts of ground substance is characteristic of what kind of connective tissue proper?

Answer 43

Dense connective tissue

Question 44

Being less vascular is characteristic of what kind of connective tissue proper?

Answer 44

Dense connective tissue

Question 45

What is the exception to the characteristics of dense connective tissue?

Answer 45

Dense irregular connective tissue in the dermis

Question 46

Where can dense irregular connective tissue be found?

Answer 46

Reticular layer of the dermis, nerve sheaths, organ capsules

Question 47

Where can dense regular connective tissue be found?

Answer 47

Tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses

Question 48

What is the primary cell type in reticular connective tissue?

Answer 48

Reticular cell

Question 49

What is the primary fiber type of reticular connective tissue?

Answer 49

Reticular fiber

Question 50

Where can reticular connective tissue be found?

Answer 50

Lymphatic and endocrine organs; bone marrow

Question 51

What is the function of reticular connective tissue?

Answer 51

Provides support in highly cellular areas/organs

Question 52

What is the primary cell type of adipose?

Answer 52

Adipocytes

Question 53

What type of connective tissue proper is quite vascular and contains areas of loose areolar connective tissue?

Answer 53

Adipose

Question 54

What is the primary cell type of white adipose?

Answer 54

Unilocular white adipocyte (one large droplet)

Question 55

What are the functions of white adipose?

Answer 55

Store energy, thermoregulation, protect/cushion organs

Question 56

What is an example of a location where the thermoregulation function of the white adipose is seen?

Answer 56

Hypodermics of the skin

Question 57

The fat around the kidneys serves what function of white adipose?

Answer 57

Protection and cushioning of organs

Question 58

What produces adipokines?

Answer 58

White adipose

Question 59

What is the function of leptin?

Answer 59

Inhibits appetite and regulates the formation of new adipocytes

Question 60

What is the function of lipase?

Answer 60

Break down triglycerides and triglyceride renewal

Question 61

What are locations for white adipose?

Answer 61

Around kidney and heart, within liver, bone marrow, hypodermis

Question 62

What is the cellular cause of adult onset of obesity?

Answer 62

Existing adipocytes increase in size

Question 63

What is the cellular cause of childhood obesity?

Answer 63

Numbers of adipocytes can increase as well as size

Question 64

Obese children may have up to how many times more fat cells than other children?

Answer 64

3X

Question 65

When can brown adipocyte numbers increase?

Answer 65

In a cold environment

Question 66

Brown adipose is limited among what population?

Answer 66

Adults

Question 67

Brown adipose is more prevalent among what population?

Answer 67

Newborns

Question 68

Which adipocytes are smaller and multilocular?

Answer 68

Brown adipose

Question 69

What is the function of brown adipose?

Answer 69

Thermogenesis

Question 70

Why does brown adipose actually look brown?

Answer 70

Increased mitochondria

Question 71

An increase in the number of cell types present should have what effect on healing potential?

Answer 71

Increased

Question 72

Increased vascularity should lead to what effect on healing potential?

Answer 72

Increased

Question 73

What are the three specialized connective tissue types?

Answer 73

Cartilage, bone, and blood