Chapter One - Epithelial Glands Flashcards
What is the term for the components that are directly involved with the primary function of a substance?
Parenchyma
What type of secretion is when the product is released into a duct or directly onto an epithelial surface?
Exocrine secretion
What are the three ways to classify exocrine glands?
Morphology, method of secretion, product that is secreted
What is the term for the components of a substance providing mechanical or metabolic support?
Stroma
How are exocrine glands classified by morphology?
Categorized by the shape of the secretory arrangement and the arrangement of the ducts
What is the most common method of secretion of exocrine glands?
Merocrine (eccrine)
Goblet cell, salivary glands, pancreas, all sweat glands in children, and many adult sweat glands are examples of what type of exocrine glands?
Merocrine (eccrine) glands
How do merocrine glands accomplish their method of secretion?
Exocytosis
What is a positive feature of exocytosis as a method of secretion of merocrine glands?
No cellular damage
Sebaceous glands and the tarsal (Meibomian) glands of eyelids are examples of what type of exocrine gland?
Holocrine
What makes up the secretory product of holocrine glands?
Entire cell with intact vacuoles
What occurs with the cell itself with holocrine glands?
The cell matures and dies while becoming a part of the secretory product
Holocrine glands are specifically associated with what concept?
Odor
Lactating mammary glands, some adult sweat glands (pubic and axillary regions), ceruminous glands in external auditory canal, and ciliary “Moll’s) glands are examples of what type of exocrine gland?
Apocrine
Lactating mammary glands, some adult sweat glands (pubic and axillary regions), ceruminous glands in external auditory canal, and ciliary “Moll’s” glands are examples of what type of exocrine gland?
Apocrine
What makes up the product of apocrine glands?
Cytoplasm, membrane, and intact vacuoles
What types of exocrine glands are associated with odor?
Holocrine and apocrine
What is the term for the smallest division of a gland that is a group of cells surrounding a cavity?
Acinus
What is a small group of serous cells attached to a mucus acinus?
Serous demilune
What are the contractile cells with epithelial origin?
Myoepithelial cells
Myoepithelial cells wrap around what structure?
Acini
Myoepithelial cells are found where?
Salivary and sweat glands, lacrimal glands, lactating mammary glands
What is the function of myoepithelial cells?
To assist secretion
What type of exocrine gland produces proteins?
Serous glands
What is the shape of the cells of serous glands?
Trapezoid shaped
What are examples of serous glands?
Pancreas, parotid gland, chief cells in stomach
What is the appearance of the nucleus of serous glands?
Round and noticeable
What is the staining characteristic of serous glands?
Tend to pick up stains well
Goblet cells, mucous cells in stomach, and the minor salivary glands in tongue and palate are examples of what type of exocrine gland?
Mucus glands
How do mucus gland cells typically stain?
Light
What is the appearance of the nucleus of mucus glands?
Flat and peripheral
What is the name of glands that produce serous and mucus?
Mixed glands
What are examples of mixed glands?
Submandibular and sublingual glands
Serous demilunes are present among what type of exocrine gland?
Mixed
What three things regulate exocrine secretion?
Myoepithelial cells, hormones, blood supply
What effect does an increase of blood supply have on exocrine glands?
Increased oxygen and increased secretion
What effect does a decreased blood supply have on exocrine glands?
Decreased oxygen and decreased secretion
In endocrine secretion, what is the secretory product generally called?
A hormone
What type of secretion involves the release of secretory product into connective tissue for vascular dispersal to target organs and tissues?
Endocrine secretion
What type of endocrine secretion involves the signaling cell being so close to the target cell that the hormone does not enter the blood?
Paracrine secretion
In what type of endocrine secretion is the signaling cell its own target?
Autocrine secretion
What two things regulate endocrine secretion?
Hormonal feedback loops (positive and negative), autonomic nervous system
