Chapter Two Flashcards
Limited Government
The idea that government is not all powerful
Representative Government
The idea in which the government serves the will of the people
What two things did the Magna Carta introduce and when was it created?
Trial by jury and due process of law-1215
What four things did the Petition of Rights introduce and when was it created?
Political critics could not be imprisoned without a jury trial, martial law could not be imposed during peacetime, troops could not be quartered in homes without consent, and taxes could not be levied without consent of parliament.1628
What five things did the English Bill of Rights introduce and when was it created?
Standing army during peacetime, fair trials, freedom from excessive bail, freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, and freedom to petition government for any grievance.1688
What is a charter?
A written grant of authority from the king to set up a colony
What is the definition of a royal colony?
Subject to direct control of the king (through advisors)
What is the definition of a proprietary colony and what in the name for their number of houses?
King gives the land to an individual and he is able to govern as he pleases with aide of legislature. Unicameral- one house
What is the definition of a charter colony, what was the name for their number of houses, and how was the governor elected?
Allowed the colonists to govern themselves under the terms of the original charter.Bicameral-two houses, by the colonists
Ordered Government
An orderly regulation of people’s relationship with one another
Who came up with the Albany Plan of Union, when was it, what did it try to do, what was it, and was it supported?
Ben Franklin in 1754, unite the 13 colonies for trade, military and other purposes (annual congress of delegates), no
What was the Stamp Act Congress, what was it, why was it importent, and what did it change?
Nine colonies met it 1765 to write down grievances and send them to the king, first time the colonies joined to oppose the king, some taxes were repealed
What was the First Continental Congress, when did it meet, why did it meet, what happened and what did they call for later?
Colonies got together in September 1774 because of the intolerable acts, sent another declaration, called for a second congress in May
When was the Second Continental Congress, why did they meet, why was that important and who was declared leader of the army?
May 1775, Britain refused to compromise, first national goverment, Washington
When was the Declaration of Independence?
July 4, 1776
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence, what was it and what were the three sections?
Jefferson, independence from Britain, 1-principles of American democracy, 2-list of grievances (longest),3-why colonists wanted peace and liberty and that Britain was not letting them
About when did states get state constitutions and what were the four parts?
1776-1780 1-popular sovereignty 2-limited government 3-civil rights and liberties 4-separation of powers and checks and balances
When were the Articles of Confederation made?
1781
What is a confederation?
Form of political organization in which sovereign states delegate power to a central government
What did the articles of confederation set up?
Unicameral congress, 1 vote per state, each year congress would pick a person as president
What problems did the articles of confederation address?
Fear of strong government or that some states would dominate others
What are five weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
No power to tax, no national court system, executive to enforce acts of congress, regulation of foreign and interstate commerce, and needed 9/13 to pass laws
What five things happened because of the Articles of Confederation?
States argued among themselves, they refused to support a new central government, some made agreements with foreign countries, the states taxes each others goods,debts went unpaid, and it resulted in political and economic instability
How many states came to the framing of the Constitution? Which, if any, did not?
12/13, Rhode Island
Who was named president of the Constitution convention?
Washington
What were the influences on the Constitution? (4)
Montesquieu’s “The Spirit of the Law”, Greek and Roman Governments, British documents, the failure of the AOC
How were issues decided with the framing of the Constitution?
A majority was needed, each state had one vote
Who was really in charge of the framing of the Constitution and wrote most of it?
Madison
What was the Virginia Plan and who proposed it? (4)
Large states and Madison, strong national government, state and national government, bicameral legislature, both state and reps elected based on population
What was the New Jersey Plan and who proposed it? (5)
Smaller states, similar to AOC, legislature appoints people to executive, executive appoints judicial branch, unicameral legislature, states represented equally
What was the Connecticut Compromise?
Senate would be equal, House of Representatives would be based on population
What was the 3/5 compromise?
3/5 of the slaves would count for both population and taxes
What were the new rule about commerce and slave trades?
Congress was forbidden to tax exports and forbidden to pass laws against the slave trade for 20 years
When was the Constitution written?
September 17, 1787
How many states had to agree to the Constitution?
9
What were the two groups that were formed after the Constitution was signed?
Federalist and Anti-Federalist
What were the three reasons the Federalists had to supported the Constitution?
They attended the Constitution framing, they stressed weakness of the articles and they said the new government could overcome weakness
What were the five reasons the Anti-Federalists opposed ratification?
The ratification process, absence of any mention of God, denied states power to print money, increased powers of central government, lack of a bill of rights
What were the Federalist Papers and who wrote them?
A series of articles writtem under the pen name of Publius by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay
When was the Constitution ratified?
September 13, 1788
What was the first temporary capital?
New York
Who was the first president and vice president?
Washington, John Adams
