Chapter Four: Elections Flashcards
What are political parties?
Groups of citizens organized to elect candidates to public office
What were the first political parties and how did they change over time?
Federalists to Whigs to Republican Party
Anti-Federalists to Democratic-Republican to Democratic
Who were the early members of the first political parties and what were their beliefs?
Fed (Hamilton, Adams) wanted a stronger centralized government and leadership, especially economically and with the military. Anti-Fed (Jefferson) reflected early liberals where tolerance, freedoms, and independent actions were primary
Who won the 1788 election and what party were they?
Washington (no party)
Who won the 1792 election and what party were they?
Washington (no party)
Who won the 1796 election and what party were they?
John Adams (Federalist)
Who won the 1800 election and what party were they?
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)
Who won the 1804 election and what party were they?
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)
Who won the 1808 election and what party were they?
James Madison (Democratic-Republican)
Who won the 1812 election and what party were they?
James Madison (Democratic-Republican)
Who won the 1816 election and what party were they?
James Monroe (Democratic-Republican)
Who won the 1820 election and what party were they?
James Monroe (Democratic-Republican)
Who won the 1824 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
John Quincy Adams (Democratic-Republican) beats Andrew Jackson (Democratic-Republican)
Who won the 1828 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Andrew Jackson (Democrat) beats John Quincy Adams (National Republican)
Who won the 1832 election and what party were they?
Andrew Jackson (Democrat)
Who won the 1836 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Martin Van Buren (Democrat) beat the Whigs
Who won the 1840 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
William Henry Harrison (Whig) beat Martin Van Buren (Democrat)
Who won the 1844 election and what party were they?
Polk (Democrat)
Who won the 1848 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Zachary Taylor (Whig) beats Martin Van Buren (Free Soil)
Who won the 1852 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Franklin Pierce (Democrat) beat Hale (Free Soil) and Winfred Scott (Whig)
Who won the 1856 election, what party were they and who did they beat?
James Buchanan (Democrat), beats Fremont (Republican) and Millard Fillmore (American)
Who won the 1860 election, what party were they and who did they beat?
Lincoln (Republican) beats John C. Breckenridge (Democrat) and Stephen Douglas (Democrat) and John Bell (Constitutional Union)
Who won the 1864 election, what party were they?
Lincoln (Republican)
Who won the 1868 election, what party were they?
Ulysses S. Grant (Republican)
Who won the 1872 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) beats Greeley (LIberal Republican)
Who won the 1876 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) beats Tilldan (Democrat) and Peter Cooper (Greenback)
Who won the 1880 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Garfield (Republican) beats Hancock (Democrat) and Weaver (Greenback)
Who won the 1884 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Grover Cleveland (Democrat) beats Blaine (Republican) and Butler (Greenback) and St. John (Prohibition)
Who won the 1888 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Benjamin Harrison (Republican) beats Cleveland (Democrat) and Fisk (Prohibition)
Who won the 1892 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Grover Cleveland (Democrat) beats Benjamin Harrison (Republican), Weaver (Populist) and Bidwell (Prohibition)
Who won the 1896 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
William McKinley (Republican) beats Levering (Prohibition) and William Jennings Bryan (Democrat)
Who won the 1900 election, what party were they, and what parties did they beat?
William McKinley (Republican) beats Democrat, Populist and Prohibition
Who won the 1904 election, what party were they, and what parties did they beat?
Teddy Roosevelt (Republican) beats Democrat, Socialist and Prohibition
Who won the 1908 election, what party were they, and what parties did they beat?
William Howard Taft (Republican) beats Democrat, Socialist and Prohibition
Who won the 1912 election, what party were they, and who/what parties did they beat?
Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) beats Democrat, Socialist and Prohibition Parties and Teddy Roosevelt (Progressive)
Who won the 1916 election and what party were they?
Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)
Who won the 1920 election and what party were they?
William Harding (Republican)
Who won the 1924 election and what party were they?
Calvin Coolidge (Republican)
Who won the 1928 election and what party were they?
Herbert Hoover (Republican)
Who won the 1932 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) beat Herbert Hoover (Republican)
Who won the 1936 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) beat Landon (Republican) and William Lemke (Union)
Who won the 1940 election and what party were they?
Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat)
Who won the 1944 election and what party were they?
Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat)
Who won the 1948 election, and who did they beat?
Harry S. Truman beats Dewey (Republican), Strom Thurmond (Dixiecrat) and Henry Wallace (Progressive)
Who won the 1952 election and what party were they?
Dwight Eisenhower (Republican)
Who won the 1956 election what party were they
Dwight Eisenhower (Republican)
Who won the 1960 election what party were they
JFK (Democrat)
Who won the 1964 election what party were they
LBJ (Democrat)
Who won the 1968 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Richard Nixon (Republican) beat Hubert Humphrey (Democrat) and George Wallace (American Independent)
Who won the 1972 election and what party were they
Richard Nixon (Republican)
Who won the 1976 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Jimmy Carter (Democrat) beat Gerald Ford (Republican)
Who won the 1980 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Ronald Reagan (Republican) beat Carter (Democrat) and Ed Clark (Libertarian)
Who won the 1984 election and what party were they
Ronald Reagan (Republican)
Who won the 1988 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
George W. Bush (Republican) beat Micheal Dukakis (Democrat)
Who won the 1992 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
Bill Clinton (Democrat) beats George W. Bush (Republican) and Ross Perot (Reform)
Who won the 1996 election and what party were they
Bill Clinton (Democrat)
Who won the 2000 election, what party were they, and who did they beat?
George W. Bush (Republican) beat Al Gore (Democrat) and Ralph Nader (Green)
Who won the 2004 election and what party were they
George W. Bush (Republican)
Who won the 2008 election, what party were they, and who did they beat
Barack Obama (Democrat) beats John McCain (Republican)
Who won the 2012 election and what party were they?
Barack Obama (Democrat)
What influence do third parties have on the political process?
They do not win elections, but they may influence one of the major parties policies (social security and the graduated income tax)
What are four groups and the economic status of democrats?
African Americans, Catholics, Women and labor unions, lower economic status
What are three groups and the economic status of republicans?
White males, protestant, and businesses, higher economic status
Who created the animals that represent democrats and republicans and how were they chosen?
Thomas Nast
Elephant was in Harper’s Weekly in 1874
Andrew Jackson’s nickname
What are the the seven steps of the election process for presidents?
The candidates announce -> primary process -> national convention -> choosing a running mate -> campaigning -> election day -> electoral college
What is the electoral college?
The group of people chosen from each state and the District of Columbia to formally select the President and Vice President
Which two states have proportional distribution and what does that mean?
Nebraska and Maine, the state winner receives two electors and the winner of each congressional district receives one elector
Why do we have an electoral college?
The framers of the constitution did not want congress (too much power to the electors), but they did not want a popular vote either (people were too scattered to be informed)
How are the number of electors decided?
Number of representatives in the house plus the number in the senate
What is the least number of votes a state can have (or in the district of columbia)?
3
How many total electoral votes are there?
538 (435 in house + 100 in senate + 3 in DoC)
What is the majority of electoral votes needed?
270
If there is a tie then how is the tie broken for president?
House of Reps (each state gets one vote)
What is the definition of federalism?
power is divided between a central government and the states by a written constitution
What are expressed powers?
Powers clearly spelled out in the constitution
What are implied powers?
Powers suggested or implied by the expressed power
What are inherent powers?
Powers national governments have traditionally had
What are exclusive powers?
Powers given only to the national government
What are concurrent powers?
National and state powers that are exercised separately and simultaneously
What is the order of supremacy in laws and courts? (5)
Constitution -> Act/Treaties of Congress -> State constitutions -> State laws -> local laws
