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Biology 210 > Chapter Three; Bio 210 (Cells and Function) > Flashcards

Chapter Three; Bio 210 (Cells and Function) Flashcards

1
Q

Denature

A

to change the shape of molecules

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2
Q

*Major parts of the cells (Eukaryotic)

A

Plasma Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm (Cytosol & Organelles)

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3
Q

*Functions of plasma membrane

A

Physical seperation (ECF & ICF)
Permeability
Receptors and Markers
Structure

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4
Q

*Prokayotic

A

NO nucleus

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5
Q

*Eukaryotic

A

with nucleus

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6
Q

*Cytology

A

study of cells

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7
Q

*Spontaneous Generation

A

things can arise from nothing (mice made from wet towel and broken corn)

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8
Q

*Cell

A

fundamental unit of life

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9
Q

*Robert Hooke

A

termed the word “cell”

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10
Q

VanLeewenhoek

A

invented the first microscope

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11
Q

*Schleiden and Schwan THEN Virchow

A

first statement of the cell theory “All living things are composed of cells”… then Virchow said “All living cells come from preexisting living cells.

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12
Q

FAITH ANSWERS WHAT REASON CANNOT

A
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13
Q

Plasma Membrane molecules (Fig 3.2 Text)

A

Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates

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14
Q

Phospholipids

A

most abundant molecule in plasma membrane (Digylcerrides because two fatty acid tails) PO2

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15
Q

Cholesterol

A

is in the hydrophobic areas of the phospholipids

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16
Q

Integral Proteins

A

protein that extends from one side of the membrane to the other
(Help in transporting across the membranes)

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17
Q

Peripheral Proteins

A

do not extend all the way past the membrane

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18
Q

Marker Protein

A

self v.s non self

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19
Q

Attachment Proteins

A

attaches from one cell to another cell

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20
Q

Membrane Transport Proteins

A

Channel Proteins (open 24/7) concentration determines what gets through

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21
Q

Carrier Protein

A

have to bind with the protein, protein changes shape, then carried throughout the membrane

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22
Q

Passive carrier protein

A

always taken down concentration grade

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23
Q

Active carrier protein

A

taken up the concentration gradient using energy (ATP)

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24
Q

Glycolipids

A

carbohydrates that extend past the surface of the cell membrane

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25
Q

Functions of glycocalyx

A

Protection
Anchoring
Receptors
Marker

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26
Q

Glycocalyx

A

ALL carbohydrates attached to the cell membrane

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27
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

surrounds the nucleus

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28
Q

Nuclear Pore

A

-

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29
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

surrounds the nucleolus

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30
Q

Nucleolus

A

Inside the nucleus

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31
Q

Chromatin

A

strands of genes inside the nucleolus

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32
Q

Protein pathway: inside to outside of cell

A

Ribosome—-ER—-vesicle to—-Golgi App—-vesicle to— plasma membrane and is released by exocytosis

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33
Q

Cytoplasm

A

made of cytosol and organelles

34
Q

Nonmembranous Organelles

A

Cytoskeleton
Microvilli (increase surface area)
Cilia/Flagella (helps with movement)
Centrosome/Centrioles (no membranes)

35
Q

Smooth ER

A

lipid and steroid synthesis

no ribosomes

36
Q

Rough ER

A

lipids and ribosomes

used for protein synthesis

37
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

secretory vesicles
membrane renewal veicles
lysosomes

38
Q

Peroxisomes

A

membrane bound vesicle (breaks down)

39
Q

Lysosomes

A

membrane bound vesicle pinched off by Golgi (digestive enzymes)

40
Q

Mitochondria

A

powerhouse of cell (ATP)

41
Q

Freely permeable membrane

A

loses regulation

42
Q

Selective permeable

A

somethings can get in and can get out vice versa for not

43
Q

Point of the permeable membrane

A

regulation of the internal environment

44
Q

CIM-H-CEM

A 
Communication
Integration
Movement
HOMEOSTASIS
Compartmentalization
Energy flow and use
Mass balance and flow
45
Q

Solute vs Solvent

A

salt and water

46
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

difference of concentration from one place to another (down= higher to lower concentration gradient)

47
Q

Equillibrium

A

equal concentration on both sides

48
Q

Mediate

A

help or assist

49
Q

Assisted Movement (and unassisted)

A

when a protein carries a molecule across

50
Q

Passive Transport

A

two characteristics:

a) ALWAYS goes down the concentration gradient
(b) NO ATP required (but energy IS required.. kinetic

51
Q

Active Transport

A

two characteristics:

(a) May move up the concentration gradient
(b) Requires ATP

52
Q

Passive Transport Mechanisms

A

Simple Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion

53
Q

Diffusion

A

(Passive, unassisted) DOES NOT NEED A MEMBRANE

movement of particles from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration

54
Q

Factors that affect rate of diffusion * DESTSP *

A 
Distance 
Electrical gradient
Size of particles
Temperature
Size of concentration
Pressure gradient (capillaries and kidneys- filtration)
55
Q

Net Diffusion

A

movement down the concentration gradient (no net flow when in equilibrium)

56
Q

Diffusion through bilipid layer

A

O2, CO2, small alcohols

57
Q

Diffusion through leak channels (proteins)

A
  • small water molecules and ions (they’re hydrophobic)

- have specificity

58
Q

Osmosis

A

(passive, unassisted) ALWAYS WATER AND MEMBRANE
The NET movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower concentration of solutes to a higher concentration of solutes. (concentration of water determined by amount of solutes)

59
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

pressure in the cell that pushes back against the plasma membrane to keep the water outside from letting too much water in

60
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

passive, unassisted (through bilipid layer O2, CO2)

61
Q

Osmosis is

A

unassisted

62
Q

Passive Transport Mechanisms

A

Simple Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion

63
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Assisted

-protein changes shape and helps outside molecule move intracellular (can occur in either direction)

64
Q

Ligand

A

anything that binds to a protein in a membrane (molecules… anything)

65
Q

Aquaporin

A

protein channel that lets water come through

66
Q

Nonpenetrating solute

A

molecules that can’t pass through the membrane

67
Q

Osmolarity

A

total concentration of solutes in a solution (ICF or ECF)

68
Q

Isosmotic

A

concentration of solutes in two solutions (ECF and ICF) are the same

69
Q

Hyperosmotic

A

higher concentration of solutes in one solution than another

70
Q

Hyposmotic

A

lower concentration of solutes in a solution than another

71
Q

Isotonic (tone/effect/shape)

A

equal concentration of solutes in both solutes

72
Q

Hypertonic

A

cell is expanded about to bust because of more concentration of solute

73
Q

Hypotonic

A

cell is shrunken because less concentration of solute

74
Q

Crenation

A

when a cell shrinks

75
Q

Lysis

A

when a cell bursts

76
Q

Vesicular Transport (endo and exo)

A

Active; moves materials in and out of cells in vesicles

77
Q

Exocytosis

A

takes materials OUT of cells

78
Q

Endocytosis

A

brings material IN to the cells

79
Q

Active Carrier Mediated Transport

A

requires ATP (unlike facilitated diffusion/passive carrier transport = no ATP)

80
Q

Three types of endocytosis

A

all take into cell
Phagocytosis- eats
Pinocytosis- drinks
Receptor-mediated endocytosis- binds with receptor in

Biology 210 (13 decks)

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