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Biology 210 > Chapter One; Bio 210 (Systems) > Flashcards

Chapter One; Bio 210 (Systems) Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of structure of body and structural relationship between its parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

study of function of body and its functional relationship between its parts

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3
Q

Clinical or Pathological Anatomy

A

study of change in structure due to disease or disaster

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4
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

using palpation of the body for abnormalties

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5
Q

Saggital Plane

A

Down the middle. Anterior cephalic to anterior scrotum

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6
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Down the side.

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7
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Through the abdomen.

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8
Q

Dividing Planes

A

Extremities- proximal or distal

Other- superior or inferior

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9
Q

Types of Anatomy

A 
5 types
Systemic- study by systems
Regional- study by areas
Surface- study external features
Organ- study by organ
Clinical- study of chance due to disease or disaster
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10
Q

Levels of Organization

A

Chemical- atoms
Organelle- permanent/important structural/functional unit within a cell
Cell- basic structural and functional unit of life
Tissue- group of specialized cells arranged to function together
Organ- 2 or more different tissues that work together
Organ System- 2 or more organs that work together to perform complex functions
Organism: Living things

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11
Q

Organelle

A

Permanent/important structural/functional unit within a cell

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12
Q

Tissue

A

Group of specialized cells arranged to function together

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13
Q

Organ System

A

2 or more organs that work together to perform complex functions

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14
Q

Organ

A

2 or more different tissues that work together

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15
Q

Characteristics of Life

A 
Organization
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Growth
Development
Reproduction
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16
Q

Organizaiton

A

Parts of organisms have specific relationships to each other and they interact to perform specific functions

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17
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical and physical changes taking place in an organism

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18
Q

Responsiveness

A

Organism sense changes in external and internal environment and makes adjustment to maintain life

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19
Q

Growth

A

Increase in size of all or part of organism

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20
Q

Development

A

Changes organism undergoes (birth—–death)

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21
Q

Reproduction

A

Formation of new cells OR new organism

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22
Q

Homeostasis

A

Body’s ability to maintain a physiological balance in the face of constant internal and external change

23
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism

A

Maintaining a set point (shivering, sweating)

24
Q

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

A

Body attempts to NEGATE or REVERSE effects of stimulus that causes change. Example: Body Temp.

25
Q

Positive Feedback Mechanisms

A

Body attempts to INCREASE or INTENSIFY the stimulus, not reverse. (very rare) Example: Blod clot, clots until the stimulus is no longer needed.

26
Q

Visceral Peritomeum

A

Surrounds organs

27
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

lines wall of abdominopelvic cavity and inferior surface of diaphram

28
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

between visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum

29
Q

Serous Membrane

A

covers organs; fluid produced by membranes

30
Q

Retroperitoneal Cavity

A

kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, urinary bladder; NOT part of paritoneal cavity

31
Q

Organ Systems

A 
Nervous
Lymphatic
Digestive
Respirtatory
Muscular
Skeletal
Urinary
Endocrine
Reproductive
Cardiovascular
Integumentary
32
Q

Reprductive

A

Site of fertilization (ovary, testes)

33
Q

Urinary

A

Removes waste from blood (kidney, bladder, urethra)

34
Q

Digestive

A

Digestion, absorption, and removal of wastes (liver, gallbladder, appendix, rectum, intestines)

35
Q

Muscular

A

Body movements, posture, body heat (muscles)

36
Q

Respiratory

A

Exchange 02 and CO2 between blood and air (nose, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs)

37
Q

Lymphatic

A

Removes foreign substances from blood and lymph. Maintains tissue fluid balance (lymph node, tonsils, spleen, axillary and inguinal lymph node)

38
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones (veins, arteries, aortas, jugular, vena cava)

39
Q

Endocrine

A

Metabolism, growth and hormones (Thyroid, Pancreas, Testes, Adrenals, Ovaries)

40
Q

Nervous

A

Detects sensations and controls movements (brain, spine, nerves)

41
Q

Skeletal

A

Protection and support body movements, produces blood cells, stores minerals and fat (bones)

42
Q

Integumentary

A

Provides protection, regulates temp., reduces water loss (skin)

43
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing erect, face directed forward, limbs handing freely and palms facing forward

44
Q

Internal Environment

A

Inside body; ECF (extracellular fluid)

45
Q

Intracellular Environment

A

Cells; ICF (Intracellular fluid) ; called cytosol

46
Q

Homeostatic Regulation

A 
Primarily controlled by Nervous and Endocrine System. 
Nervous: 
Action potential (nerve impulses)
Faster!
Effects over rapidly
Endocrine:
Hormones
Slower
Effects last longer
47
Q

Five Components of Homeostatic Regulatory Mechanisms (RACEE)

A 
Receptor
Afferent
Control Center
Efferent
Effector
48
Q

Receptor

A

Receives some kind of stimulus

49
Q

Afferent Pathway

A

From receptor to control center

50
Q

Control Center

A

Receives information from receptor, integrates info., then sends response

51
Q

Efferent Pathway

A

Control Center to Effector;

52
Q

Effector

A

Structure that responds to control center. MUSCLES and/or GLANDS (cause change)

53
Q

True Body cavities

A

Dorsal: Brain and Spine
Ventral: Thoracic and Abdominopelvic –> Abdominal and Pelvic

54
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination of bodily wastes (CO2, sugars, acids)

Biology 210 (13 decks)

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