Chapter Three

Question 1

What is the difference between prokaryote and eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes do not have a nuclei

Question 2

What 3 structures do all mammalian cell possess?

Answer 2

The cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Question 3

What type of lipid makes up the bilayer of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Phospholipid

Question 4

What part of the lipid bilayer is hydrophobic and what part is hydrophilic?

Answer 4

The heads is hydrophilic and the tail is hydrophobic

Question 5

What is the glycocalyx?

Answer 5

Gives the cell a fingerprint. A sugar coating on the outside of the cell.

Question 6

What are two differences between cilia and flagella?

Answer 6

Cilia is shorter and moves synchronously moving mucus across the cell

Question 7

What are the four principal components of cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Cytosol, cytoskeleton, organelles, and inclusions

Question 8

What are the three fibers that compose the cytoskeleton?

Answer 8

Microtubules, intermediate fibers, and microfilaments

Question 9

What do microtubules do?

Answer 9

Form secure cables to which mitochondria, lysosomes, and secretory granules attach. Also can create new tracks

Question 10

What do intermediate fibers do?

Answer 10

Resist pulling forces

Question 11

What do microfilaments do?

Answer 11

Play role in the cells ability to change shape, break apart during cell division, and form outpochings and involutions

Question 12

What is the significance of the nucleolus?

Answer 12

Where ribosomal subunits are made.

Question 13

What is diffusion and is it an active or passive process?

Answer 13

The process of moving down the concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 14

How is facilitated diffusion different from simple diffusion?

Answer 14

Facilitated diffusion requires the assistance of an integral protein or carrier protein located in the bi layer

Question 15

What is the difference between a symport and antiport system?

Answer 15

Symport system is when substances are moved in the same direction.

Question 16

What are the principal ions involved in maintaining a cells resting membrane potential?

Answer 16

Sodium and potassium

Question 17

What are the 2 major periods that compose the life cycle of the cell?

Answer 17

Interphase, when the cell is growing, maturing, and differentiating. Mitotic phase, when the cell is actively dividing.

Question 18

What are the four stages of mitosis?

Answer 18

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 19

When in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Answer 19

DNA replicates during the synthetic phase of interphase

Question 20

What are codons?

Answer 20

A set of three adjacent nucleotides in an mRNA molecule that specifies the incorporation of an amino acid into a polypeptide chain

Question 21

What is the term mRNA formation?

Answer 21

Messenger RNA formation is transcription

Question 22

What are the functional proteins that occur within the bilayer called?

Answer 22

Integral proteins

Question 23

What are cell adhesion molecules (CAM)?

Answer 23

Sticky glycoproteins that cover cell surface. Helps cells move past one another

Question 24

What are membrane receptors?

Answer 24

Integral proteins and glycoproteins that act as binding sites on the cell surface

Question 25

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 25

Produces a lot of energy. Can divide through fission.

Question 26

What does endoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 26

Rough er: involved in making proteins

Smooth er: stores lipids

Question 27

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Answer 27

Modification, packaging and distribution center

Question 28

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 28

Break down nutrients into usable parts

Question 29

What is chromatin?

Answer 29

Made up of DNA and globular proteins called histones

Question 30

What are chromosomes?

Answer 30

Super coiled x shaped structures