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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 7 Muscles > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 different types of muscle

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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2
Q

Myo

A

Generally refers to muscle

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3
Q

Sarco

A

Refers to muscles at the cellular level

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4
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary

Striated

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5
Q

Voluntary

A

Can be controlled by conscious mind

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6
Q

Striated

A

Stripped pattern in muscle

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7
Q

Origin

A

The end that is generally more stable than the other. Does not move

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8
Q

Insertion

A

Site that undergoes most of the movement during contraction

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9
Q

Tendons

A

Bands of dense regular connective tissue made of collagen fibers

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10
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheets of fibrous tissue

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11
Q

Linea alba

A

Long thin white line that connects abdominal muscles

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12
Q

Agonist (prime mover)

A

Describes a muscle or muscle group that directly produces a desired movement

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13
Q

Synergist

A

A muscle that contracts at the same time as a prime mover and assists it in carrying out action

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14
Q

Antagonist

A

A muscle or muscle group that directly opposes the action of a prime mover.

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15
Q

Fixator

A

Stabilizes joints to allow other movements to take place

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16
Q

Muscles are generally named for what?

A 
Action
Shape
Location
Direction of fibers
Number of heads or divisions 
Attachment sites
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17
Q

Head muscles

A

Control facial expressions, enable chewing, move sensory structures

Masseter

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18
Q

Neck muscles

A

Support head, allow neck to flex, extend, and move head laterally

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19
Q

Inspiratory muscles

A

Diaphragm

External intercostals

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20
Q

Expiratory muscles

A

Internal intercostals

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21
Q

Endomysium

A

Each individual skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by this delicate connective tissue layer

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22
Q

Fascicle

A

Groups of skeletal muscle fibers

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23
Q

Perimysium

A

Connective tissue that binds together fascicles

24
Q

Epimysium

A

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of fascicles

25
Q

Actin

A

Thin filaments

26
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filaments

27
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Stored calcium for muscle contraction

28
Q

A band

A

Large dark band made up of myosin filaments (thick)

29
Q

I band

A

Large light band made up of actin filaments (thin)

30
Q

Z line

A

Dark band in center of I band, disk that is viewed as a line and is attachment site for actin filaments.

31
Q

Sarcomere

A

Area from one z line to the next z line. Basic contracting unit of skeletal muscle. When all sarcomeres contract, leads to overall muscle fiber shortening

32
Q

Atrophy

A

Shrink down

33
Q

Neuromuscular junctions

A

Sites where the ends of motor nerve fibers connect to muscle fibers

34
Q

Synaptic vesticles

A

Sacs at end of a nerve fiber, contain neurotransmitter

35
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter chemical that travels across synapse to activate muscle fiber

36
Q

Acetycholinesterase

A

Enzyme in the synaptic space that removes acetylcholine

37
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane of the muscle fiber

38
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of the muscle fiber

39
Q

Cross bridges

A

Levers on the myosin filaments, ratchet back and forth and pull the actin filaments on both sides toward center of the myosin filaments

40
Q

Latent phase

A

Brief pause between nerve stimulus and beginning of actual contraction

41
Q

Contracting phase

A

Actual contraction is taking place

42
Q

Relaxation phase

A

When cells go back to a relaxed state

43
Q

ATP

A

The energy source for actin and myosin to contract

44
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

Produces lactic acid made from oxygen and glucose

45
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary and striated

46
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Gab junctions

47
Q

SA node

A

Sinatrial node

48
Q

Sympathetic fibers

A

Stimulate heart to beat harder and faster as part of fight or flight response (stress)

49
Q

Parasympathetic fibers

A

Inhibit cardiac function, causing heart to beat more slowly and with less force part of feed or breed response (relaxed)

50
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary and unstriated

51
Q

Smooth muscle is found in what two forms?

A

Visceral

Multiunit

52
Q

Visceral smooth muscle

A

Large sheets of cells in the walls of some hollow organs

53
Q

Multiunit smooth muscle

A

Small, discrete groups of cells make delicate movements

54
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Decreases activity

55
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Increases activity

Anatomy And Physiology (6 decks)

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