Chapter Three

Question 1

1. What is meant by cell membrane, nucleus. Vacuole, chloroplast and mitochondrion in plant cells.

Question 2

2. What is meant by the terms ‘mitosis’ and ‘meiosis’?

Answer 2

Mitosis is the process of cell division. One cell the parent cell divides into two daughter cells which are identical to the parent cell.

Meiosis is also cell division but meiosis produces cells that are genetically unique from the parent and contain only half as much DNA.

Question 3

3. What are the name of the cells which are specialised for photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Question 4

4. What is the name of the structure in the stem which transports nutrients?

Answer 4

Phloem

Question 5

5. What is dormancy?

Answer 5

A built in sleep mechanism which helps to prevent them germinating at an unsuitable time or in unsuitable conditions.

Question 6

6. What is the endosperm?

Answer 6

The food supply.

Question 7

7. What is the difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons?

Answer 7

Dicotyledons have two seed leaves.
Monocotyledons have one emerging leaf.

Question 8

8. What is photosynthesis?

Answer 8

It’s how plants use sunlight and nutrients to make its own food.

Question 9

9. What is the glucose produced in photosynthesis used for?

Answer 9

To nourish the plant. Energy in the leaf.

Can be converted into starch and stored within the leaf inside the chloroplasts.

Can be converted into sucrose. It dissolves and can be transported to other parts of the plant, converted into glucose for or starch for growth or storage.

Question 10

10. What factors affect the speed at which photosynthesis occurs at?

Answer 10

Question 11

11. What are the ingredients for respiration?

Answer 11

Oxygen and glucose.

The byproducts are carbon dioxide and water vapour.

Question 12

12. What factors affect the rate of respiration?

Answer 12

Question 13

13. Write out the photosynthesis process and respiration process.

(This is definitely coming up.)

Answer 13

Question 14

14. Does a plant photosynthesise in the dark?

Answer 14

No. It respires producing carbon dioxide. As lights increases rate of photosynthesis increases.

Question 15

15. What is meant by the compensation point?

Answer 15

The point where the plant consumes as much carbon dioxide through photosynthesis as it produces through respiration.

Question 16

16. Water forms up to what % of most plants.

Answer 16

90%

Question 17

17. Explain the terms flaccid and turgidity.

Answer 17

Flaccid - plant cells have become light and weak.

Turgid a- tough and hard. What helps the plant without a woody stem to remain upright.

Turfidity prefents the cells from bursting under pressure of the water.

Question 18

18. How do soil conditions influence water uptake?

Answer 18

Question 19

19. What is translocation?

Answer 19

Question 20

20. What is the xylem?

Answer 20

Question 21

21. What are stomata?

Answer 21

Question 22

22. What is transpiration?

Answer 22

Question 23

23. What is the difference between pollination and fertilisation?

Answer 23

Question 24

24. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Answer 24

Question 25

25. What are rhizomes and stolon’s? What is the key difference between the two?

Answer 25

Question 26

26. Give an example of a plant that completes its life cycle in 6-8 weeks.

Answer 26

Chickweed and Groundsel

Question 27

What are two main types of germination?

Answer 27

Epigram (above ground) and hypogeal (below ground).

Question 28

What are annuals?

Answer 28

Question 29

What are Biennials and Perennials?

Answer 29