Chapter Four

Question 1

1. What is the composition of bone?

Answer 1

Question 2

2. What % of calcium in the animal’s body is found in bones and teeth? Where does the animal get calcium from if they do not get enough in their food intake?

Answer 2

98% in bones and teeth.

Question 3

3. What mineral does ‘P’ stand for? Where is 80% of P in the body found? What is the importance of P to the skeleton? What will a phosphorous deficiency cause?

Answer 3

Question 4

4. List and explain the 3 different types of muscle.

Answer 4

Question 5

5. What are the components of the nervous system? What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 5

Question 6

6. What minerals are required in the right amount to prevent impulses being sent in an uncontrolled manner?

Answer 6

Question 7

7. What is listeriosis? What is grass tetany? What is ragwort poisoning? What infection causes generalised muscle stiffness? Animals who got nitrate poisoning, what symptoms do they show?

Answer 7

Question 8

8. List and explain the 3 types of ducts which carry blood throughout the body?

Answer 8

Question 9

9. Where do red blood cells get their colour from? What does Haemoglobin contain? And what does haemoglobin do? What is the purpose of white cells? What is the purpose of platelets? What is the liquid portion of blood called?

Answer 9

Question 10

10. What % of the blood is made up of i.) plasma, ii.) white blood cells/platelets, and iii.) red blood cells.

Answer 10

50%? Ask/find out

Question 11

12. Discuss 3 problems associated with the breathing system.

Answer 11

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs. Many causes and forms. Agents causing pneumonia invade lung tissue causing damage and irritation to the lungs. Coughing and quickened breathing are symptoms.

Question 12

11. What is meant by ‘aerobic respiration’?

Answer 12

Question 13

13. When does puberty occur in cattle, sheep, pigs and horses? What is the onset of puberty influenced by?

Answer 13

Question 14

14. What is oestrus? What is the oestrus cycle length and duration for ewes, sows, cows, and mares?

Answer 14

Question 15

15. What is meant by ovulation?

Answer 15

Question 16

16. Why is the embryo in danger of dying during the 1st 5 weeks of pregnancy?

Answer 16

Question 17

17. What is implantation?

Answer 17

Question 18

18. What is the gestation length of ewes, sows, cows, mares?

Answer 18

Question 19

19. Give an example of a monogastric animal, a ruminant animal, and a hindgut fermenter.

Answer 19

Monogastric- pigs, dogs, cats and humans.

Ruminant animal -cattle and sheep.

Hindgut fermenter - horses(check if correct)

Question 20

20. What causes bloat?

Answer 20

Question 21

21. Name a ruminants 4 stomachs, in order of where the food enters.

Answer 21

Question 22

22. What causes acidosis?

Answer 22

Question 23

23. Where can sodium bicarbonate be found? And how can it prevent the rumen from getting too acidic?

Answer 23

Saliva /mouth.it neutralises acid,

Question 24

24. How does a horses digestive system differ from a pig’s digestive system?

Answer 24

Check out- it cannot gather and store large quantities of grass so it has to spend a lot of time grazing. Pigs large intestines (hind gut) contain micro organisms that break down fibre.

Question 25

25. How many litres of saliva do cattle secrete in a day?

Answer 25

100 litres of saliva per day.

Question 26

26. Do horses require a gall bladder?

Answer 26

No -check out.