Chapter Ten Flashcards
What are autotrophs?
organisms that produce their own food
AKA producers
What are heterotrophs?
organisms that cannot produce their own food
AKA consumers
What are decomposers?
organisms that acquire food by breaking down dead organic matter
Where does photosynthesis occur?
- in all green parts of plants (chloroplasts)
- mainly in the mesophyll (middle of leaves)
What is chlorophyll?
green pigment that absorbs light energy
What are stomata?
microscopic pores in the leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit
Water comes from _____ via transport
roots
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy –> C6H12O6 + 6CO2
Released oxygen in photosynthesis comes from _____, not ____________
water, not carbon dioxide
What are the 2 main stages of photosynthesis?
- light reactions
- calvin cycle
What does the light reaction do in photosynthesis?
drives transfer of electrons to electron acceptor (NADPH+ to NADPH)
produces hydrogen ions
ATP is made via the ________________ and chemiosmosis of hyrdogen ions
electron transport chain
What happens in the calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide is fixed and converted to organic molecules
NADPH from light reactions provides ________
ATP from light reaction provides _______
electrons, energy
both go back to light reactions after being oxidized
What are the 3 phases of the calvin cycle?
- carbon fixation: attach carbon dioxide to 5-carbon sugar
- reduction: 3-carbon intermediates reduced
- regeneration: remaining 5 3-carbon intermediates rearranged to form 3 of the inital 5-carbon sugar
How many cycles does it take to produce 2 of the 3-carbon intermediates used to make glucose?
2 full cycles
Light can be modeled as _____
waves
What is wavelength?
distance between two identical points on adjacent waves
How does wavelength relate to the amount of energy a wave is carrying?
smaller wavelength = higher energy
longer wavelength = lower energy
What does the color of a pigment represent?
the light that is reflected
What does photorespiration do to stomata?
closes them to conserve water
What does photorespiration reduce?
water loss and carbon dioxide intake
In the Calvin cycle (of photorespiration) _______ is bonded instead of ____________
oxygen, carbon dioxide
What does the calvin cycle do in photorespiration?
- produce carbon dioxide that may be lost
- consume oxygen and organize fuel without making ATP or sugar
____ and ____ plants have evolved ways to reduce photorespiration
C4 and CAM
How do C4 plants reduce photorespiration?
light reactions and calvin cycle occur in different cell types
separation of steps by cell type
How do CAM plants reduce photorespiration?
release carbon dioxide from acid and use it in photosynthesis
separation of steps by day and night
