Chapter Ten

Question 1

What are autotrophs?

Answer 1

organisms that produce their own food

AKA producers

Question 2

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 2

organisms that cannot produce their own food

AKA consumers

Question 3

What are decomposers?

Answer 3

organisms that acquire food by breaking down dead organic matter

Question 4

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 4

• in all green parts of plants (chloroplasts)
• mainly in the mesophyll (middle of leaves)

Question 5

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 5

green pigment that absorbs light energy

Question 6

What are stomata?

Answer 6

microscopic pores in the leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit

Question 7

Water comes from _____ via transport

Answer 7

roots

Question 8

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 8

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy –> C6H12O6 + 6CO2

Question 9

Released oxygen in photosynthesis comes from _____, not ____________

Answer 9

water, not carbon dioxide

Question 10

What are the 2 main stages of photosynthesis?

Answer 10

• light reactions
• calvin cycle

Question 11

What does the light reaction do in photosynthesis?

Answer 11

drives transfer of electrons to electron acceptor (NADPH+ to NADPH)

produces hydrogen ions

Question 12

ATP is made via the ________________ and chemiosmosis of hyrdogen ions

Answer 12

electron transport chain

Question 13

What happens in the calvin cycle of photosynthesis?

Answer 13

carbon dioxide is fixed and converted to organic molecules

Question 14

NADPH from light reactions provides ________
ATP from light reaction provides _______

Answer 14

electrons, energy

both go back to light reactions after being oxidized

Question 15

What are the 3 phases of the calvin cycle?

Answer 15

• carbon fixation: attach carbon dioxide to 5-carbon sugar
• reduction: 3-carbon intermediates reduced
• regeneration: remaining 5 3-carbon intermediates rearranged to form 3 of the inital 5-carbon sugar

Question 16

How many cycles does it take to produce 2 of the 3-carbon intermediates used to make glucose?

Answer 16

2 full cycles

Question 17

Light can be modeled as _____

Answer 17

waves

Question 18

What is wavelength?

Answer 18

distance between two identical points on adjacent waves

Question 19

How does wavelength relate to the amount of energy a wave is carrying?

Answer 19

smaller wavelength = higher energy
longer wavelength = lower energy

Question 20

What does the color of a pigment represent?

Answer 20

the light that is reflected

Question 21

What does photorespiration do to stomata?

Answer 21

closes them to conserve water

Question 22

What does photorespiration reduce?

Answer 22

water loss and carbon dioxide intake

Question 23

In the Calvin cycle (of photorespiration) _______ is bonded instead of ____________

Answer 23

oxygen, carbon dioxide

Question 24

What does the calvin cycle do in photorespiration?

Answer 24

• produce carbon dioxide that may be lost
• consume oxygen and organize fuel without making ATP or sugar

Question 25

____ and ____ plants have evolved ways to reduce photorespiration

Answer 25

C4 and CAM

Question 26

How do C4 plants reduce photorespiration?

Answer 26

light reactions and calvin cycle occur in different cell types

separation of steps by cell type

Question 27

How do CAM plants reduce photorespiration?

Answer 27

release carbon dioxide from acid and use it in photosynthesis

separation of steps by day and night