Chapter Something Flashcards
El Mina
-Most important of early Portugese trading factories in forest zone of Africa
Factories
- Portugese trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants
- utilized throughout Portugese trading empire to assure secure landing places and commerce
Nzinga Mvemba
- Ruler in Kongo
- brought the whole kingdom to Christianity with the help of Portuguese advisers and missionaries
- tried to end slave trade and Portuguese activities
Luanda
- Portugese factory established in 1520s south of Kongo
- became basis for Portugese colony of Angola
Royal African Company
- Chartered in 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants
- supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia
Indies piece
- Term utilized within the complex exchange system established by the Spanish for African trade
- referred to the value of an adult male slave
Triangular trade
- Commerce linking Africa, the New World colonies, and Europe
- slaves carried to America for sugar and tobacco transported to Europe
Asante
- Established in Gold Coast among Akan people settled around Kumasi
- dominated by Oyoko clan
- many clans linked under Osei Tutu after 1650
Osei Tutu
- Member of Oyoko clan of Akan peoples in Gold Coast region of Africa
- responsible for creating unified Asante Empire
- utilized western firearms
Asantehene
- Title taken by ruler of Asante Empire
- supreme civil and religious leader
- authority symbolized by golden stool
Benin Dahomey
Benin: powerful city state which came into contact with the Portugese in 1485 but remained relatively free of European influence
Dahomey: kingdom developed among Fon or Aja people in 17th century; accepted western firearms and goods in return for African slaves
Luo
- Nilotic people who migrated from upper Nile valley
- established dynasty among existing Bantu population in lake region of central Eastern Africa
- center at Bunyoro
Usuman Dan Fodio
- Founder of sokoto caliphate
- religious leader, writer, and Islam promoter
Great Trek
- Movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of Southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834
- led to settlement of regions in north orange river and Natal
Shaka
- Known as Shaka Zulu
- most influential leader of the Zulu kingdom
- murdered by his two half-brothers
- helped the Zulus rapidly conquer neighboring tribes
Mfecane
- Wars of 19th century in Southern Africa
- created by Zulu expansion under Shaka
- revolutionized political organization of Southern Africa
Swazi and Lesotho
Swazi: new African state formed on the model of Zulu chiefdom; survived mfecane
Lesotho: southern African state that survived mfecane; not based on Zulu model; less emphasis on military organization, less authoritarian government
Saltwater slaves
- Slaves transported from Africa
- almost invariably black
Obeah
-African religious ideas and practices in the English and French Caribbean islands
Candomble
-African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people
Vodun
-African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti
Palmares
- Kingdom of runaway slaves with a population of 8,000 to 10,000
- located in Brazil in 17th century
- leadership was Angolan
Surinam Maroons
- Rebel slaves
- maintained many aspects of their west African background in terms of language, kinship relations, and religious beliefs
- fused with some new forms drawn from European and American Indian contact
Middle Passage
- slave voyage from Africa to Americas (16th-18th centuries)
- generally a traumatic experience for black slaves, although it failed to strip Africans of their culture
