Chapter 16 Flashcards
0
Q
Christopher Columbus
A
- Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon
- successfully sailed to New World and returned in 1492
- initiated European discoveries in Americas
1
Q
Vasco Da Gama
A
- Portugese captain who sailed for India in 1497
- established early Portuguese dominance in Indian Ocean.
2
Q
Ferdinand Magellan
A
- Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe
- died during voyage
- allowed Spain to claim Phillipines
3
Q
Columbian Exchange
A
- Biological and ecological exchange that took place following Spanish establishment of colonies in New World
- peoples of Europe and Africa came to New World
- animals, plants, and diseases of two hemispheres were transferred
4
Q
Lepanto
A
- naval battle between the Spanish and Ottoman Empire resulting in a Spanish victory in 1571
- demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims
5
Q
Core nations
A
- nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy
- controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping
- exported manufactured goods for raw materials
6
Q
Mercantilism
A
- economic theory that stressed governments’ promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues
- popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe
7
Q
Mestizos
A
- people of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America
- particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain
- often part of forced labor system
8
Q
Francisco Pizarro
A
- led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535
- by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish
9
Q
New France
A
- French colonies in North America
- extended from St. Lawrence River along Great Lakes and down Mississippi River valley system
10
Q
Boers
A
-Dutch settlers in Cape Colony, in Southern Africa
11
Q
Calcutta
A
- headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent
- located on Ganges
- captured in 1756 during early part of Seven Years’ War
- later became administrative center for all of Bengal
12
Q
Cape Colony
A
- Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire
- by 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with Bantus
13
Q
Seven Years’ War
A
- fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763
- resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America
14
Q
Treaty of Paris
A
- arranged in 1763 following Seven Years’ War
- granted New France to England in exchange for return of French sugar island in Caribbean
15
Q
Vasco de Balboa
A
- crossed the isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean
- Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador
- first European to see the Pacific Ocean
16
Q
World Economy
A
- created by Europeans during the late 16th century
- based on the control of the seas
- established an international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products
17
Q
Atlantic colonies
A
- British colonies in North America
- originally restricted to the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean from New England to Georgia
18
Q
Dependent economic zone
A
- regions within the world economy that produced raw materials
- dependent on European markets and shipping
- tendency to build systems based on forced and cheap labor
19
Q
East India companies
A
- British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trade to India and Asia
- acted independently in their regions
