Chapter 14 Flashcards
0
Q
Chinggis Khan (Temujin)
A
- born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan
- elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206
- responsible for conquest of n. kingdoms of China to the Abbasid regions
- died in 1227, prior to conquest of most of the Islamic world
1
Q
Mongols/Mongol Empire
A
- Central Asian nomadic peoples
- smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms
- captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph
2
Q
kuriltai
A
-meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected
3
Q
khagan
A
-title of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes
4
Q
tumens
A
- basic fighting units of the Mongol forces
- consisted of 10,000 cavalry-men
- each unit was further divided into units of 1,000, 100, and 10
5
Q
Tangut
A
- rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China
- one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Song
- conquered by Mongols in 1226
6
Q
Karakorum
A
-capital of the Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan
7
Q
Batu
A
- ruler of Golden Horde
- one of Chinggis Khan’s grandsons
- responsible for invasion of Russia’s beginning in 1236
8
Q
Ogedei
A
- third son of Chinggis Khan
- succeeded Chinggis Khan as khagan of the Mongols following his father’s death
9
Q
Alexander Nevskii
A
- submitted to Mongol demands
- Prince of Novgorod
- Grand Prince of Vladimir
- Prince of Kiev
10
Q
Moscow (during time of the Mongols)
A
- surrendered to Mongol command
- benefitted greatly from the presence of the Mongols
- tribute collector for the Mongol khans
11
Q
Golden Horde
A
- one of the four subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan’s death
- originally rules by his grandson Batu
- territory covered much of present south central Russia
12
Q
Prester John
A
- name given to a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom had supposedly been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests
- Chinggis Khan was originally believed to be this mythical ruler
13
Q
Hulegu
A
- ruler of the Ilkhan khanate
- grandson of Chinggis Khan
- responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad
14
Q
Mamluks
A
- Muslim slave warriors
- established a dynasty in Egypt
- defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance
15
Q
Baibars
A
- commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut
- originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians
16
Q
Berke
A
- a ruler of the Golden Horde
- converted to Islam
- his threat to Hulegu combined with the growing power of Mamluks in Egypt forestalled further Mongol conquests in the Middle East
17
Q
Kublai Khan
A
- grandson of Chinggis Khan
- commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest of China
- became khagan in 1260
- established Sinicized Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1271
18
Q
Yuan
A
- ruled by Kublai Khan
- new social structure was established with the Mongols at the top and their central Asian nomadic and Muslim allies right below them in the hierarchy
19
Q
Tatu
A
- present day Beijing
- built on the site occupied by earlier dynasties
- built by Kublai Khan
- introduced to Chinese rituals and classical music
20
Q
Chabi
A
- influential wife of Kubilai Khan
- promoted interests of Buddhists in China
- indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese
21
Q
Marco Polo
A
- his account of Kubilai Khan’s court and empire was the most famous travel account written by a European
- his writings helped inspire efforts by other navigators such as Christopher Columbus
22
Q
Romance of the West Chamber
A
- Chinese dramatic work written during the Yuan period
- indicative of the continued literary vitality of China during Mongol rule
23
Q
White Lotus Society
A
- secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China
- typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule
24
Q
Ju Yuanzhang
A
- Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan in 14th century
- founded Ming dynasty
25
Q
Ming Dynasty
A
- succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368
- lasted until 1644
- initially mounted huge trade expeditions to Southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China
