Chapter Sixteen Flashcards
What is Visual Literacy?
To enhance inspection skills by learning “visual literacy”; the ability to reason physiology and pathophysiology from careful and unbiased observation.
What are Antipsychotic Drugs?
Drugs that block or reduce sensitivity of brain receptors that respond to dopamine. Some increase level of serotonin (inhibits dopamine activity).
They can relieve positive symptoms of schizophrenia but can worsen negative symptoms (or are just ineffective).
What are Antidepressant Drugs?
Drugs that elevate norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), Tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). St. John’s wort.
What are Tranquilizers?
They increase the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). They were developed for treatment of mild anxiety and often inappropriately prescribed by general physicians for patients who complain of any mood disorder.
What is Lithium Carbonate?
A treatment for bipolar disorder that moderates levels of norepinephrine or by protecting cells from being overstimulated by the neurotransmitter, glutamate. Must be given in the right dose and bloodstream levels need to be monitored. Newer drug treatments for bipolar disorder include Tegetrol and Depakote.
What is the Placebo effect?
The apparent success of a treatment that is sue to the patient’s expectation of the drug’s effectiveness rather than to the drug or treatment itself.
Why is relapsing a problem with drug treatment plans?
There may be short term success but many patients (50-60%) stop taking medication due to side effects. Individuals who take antidepressants without learning to cope with problems are more likely to relapse.
What are problems with dosage?
It is difficult in finding the correct amount of medication that is not going to overload the systems but it still enough to work. Drugs metabolized differently in different people.
What are the long-term risks with drug treatment?
Antipsychotic drugs can be dangerous, possibly fatal, if taken for years. Antidepressants are assumed the same but no long-term studies have occurred.
What is Psychosurgery?
Any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behaviour. Direct brain intervention.
What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?
A procedure used in cases of prolonged and severe major depression, in which a brief brain seizure is induced. Direct brain intervention.
What is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation?
Involves use of a pulsing magnetic coil held to a person’s skull over the left prefrontal cortex. This area is less active in those with depression. Treatment does not result in pain or memory problems, and controlled studies suggested positive results.
What is Psychoanalysis?
A Psychodynamic Therapy; a method of psychotherapy developed by Freud that emphasizes the exploration of unconscious motives and conflicts.
Free Association; a method of uncovering unconscious conflicts by saying freely whatever comes to mind.
What is Transference?
Psychodynamic Therapy; a critical step in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions, such as conflicts about his or her parents, onto the therapist.
What is Behaviour Therapy?
A form of therapy that applies principles and techniques of classical and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviours.
Involves systematic desensitization (couterconditioning), exposure treatments, flooding (person taken into the situation they fear), behavioural records, and skills training (teach new skills to replace destructive ones).
