Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology II > Chapter Six - Principles Of Endoringology > Flashcards

Chapter Six - Principles Of Endoringology Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine system consists of

A

Ductless endocrine glands throughout body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Ductless, secrete into interstitial space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plasma concentration of each hormone is noramllly controlled by

A

Regulated changes in rate of hormone secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tropic hormones

A

Regulate hormone secretion by another endocrine gland
-stimulate and maintain target tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Negative exists when

A

The output of a system counteracts a change in input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diurnal rhythm

A

Cycle 1 per day with external cues
-set by CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three ways hormones can influence activity of another hormone

A

-permissiveness
-synergism
-antagonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Permissiveness

A

-one hormone must be present in adequate amounts for full exertion of another hormones effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Synergism

A

Occurs when actions of several hormones are complimentary
-combined effect > sum of sep effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antagonism

A

When one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hyposecretion

A

Too little hormone is secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hypersecretion

A

Too much hormone is secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Peptides and proteins

A

Hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Steroids

A

Lipophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Amines

A

Lipid/water solubility depends on hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common hormone

A

Polypeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

All steroid hormones derived from

A

CHOLESTEROL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aldosterone secretion cells

A

Adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Amine hormones

A

Derivatives of amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

2 tyrosines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Melatonin derived from

A

Tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Catecholamines

A

From adrenal glands
-catechol group, and amine group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Posterior pituitary composed of

A

Nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anterior pituitary consists of

A

Glandular epithelial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Thin stalk connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus

A

Infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pituitary gland is controlled by

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Posterior pituitary produces

A

Does not actually produce any hormones
-stores and releases two small peptide hormones

-vasopressin, oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Vasopressin

A

Conserves water during urine formation
-small peptide hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Oxytocin

A

Stimulate uterine contraction during childbirth and milk ejection during breast feeding
-small peptide hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Vasopressin in kidneys and arterials

A

Kidneys- inc permeability of distal and ct (H2O)

Arterials- vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Anterior pituitary secretes six major hormones that it produces ITSELF

A

-TSH
-ACTH
-prolactin
-growth hormone
-LH
-FSH

32
Q

ACTH stands for

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

33
Q

Tropic hormones from AP

A

-thyroid stimulates hormone
-adrenocorticotropic hormone
-LH
-FSH
-GH

34
Q

TSH

A

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone

35
Q

ACTH

A

Stimulates secretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex

36
Q

Not a tropic hormone from AP

A

-prolactin

37
Q

LH

A

Females= ovulation and luteinization, regulates ovarian secretion of female sex hormones

Males= stimulates testosterone secretion

38
Q

FSH

A

Females= stimulate growth and development of ovarian follicles, promotes secretion of estrogen by ovaries

Males= sperm production

39
Q

GH

A

Primary hormone responsible for regulating overal body growth, important in intermediary metabolism

40
Q

prolactin

A

Enhances breast development and milk production in females

41
Q

Pituitary hormone release

A

Hypothalamic hormones
-regulate release of anterior pituitary hormones

42
Q

Secretion of each anterior pituitary hormone is stimulated or inhibited by

A

One or more of the seven hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones

43
Q

LH and FSH are secreted

A

By the same cells

44
Q

Portal system

A

Vascular arrangement in which blood flows from one capillary bed through a connecting vessel to another capillary bed

-critical link between brain and endocrine

45
Q

Minute quantities of hypothalamic hormones are carried in a concentrated form directly to

A

Their target cells in the anterior pituitary
-are not diluted out into the systemic circulation

46
Q

Hypothalamic hormones reach the anterior pituitary via

A
  • A branch of the hypophyseal artery ramifies into a capillary bed in the lower hypothalamus
  • hypothalamic hormones are secreted into the capillary blood
47
Q

Blood from hypophyseal artery capillaries drain into

A

Hypothalamic hypophyseal portal veins
-branch into another series of capillaries

48
Q

Capillaries within anterior pituitary which carry hormones secreted by that gland…

A

Coalesce into veins that drain into the systemic venous blood

49
Q

Growth depends on

A

Growth hormone
-but is influenced by other factors

50
Q

Other factors of growth

A

-genetic determination
-diet
-chronic disease or stressful environment
-normal levels of growth influencing hormones

51
Q

Fetal growth is prompted by

A

Largely by hormones from placenta
-GH plays no role in fetal development

52
Q

Postnatal growth spurt

A

Displayed during first two years of life

53
Q

Pubertal growth spurt

A

Occurs during adolescence

54
Q

Growth involves

A

-cell division
-net protein synthesis

55
Q

Height is determined by

A

Bone growth
-vertebral column and legs

56
Q

GH promotes growth…

A

Indirectly
-stimulates production of somatomedins from liver

57
Q

Somatomedin

A

Insulin like growth factor
-acts on bone and soft tissues

58
Q

What does somatomedin stimulate

A

-protein synthesis
-cell division
-lengthening and thickening of bones (hyperplasia, hypertrophy)

59
Q

Growth only happens when plate is

A

Cartilaginous or open

60
Q

When plate ossify..

A

There is no more growth
-end of adolescence

61
Q

Chondrocytes

A
62
Q

GH exerts

A

Metabolic effects not related to growth

63
Q

GH increases what two things

A

-blood fatty acid levels
-blood glucose levels

64
Q

GH secretion is highest in

A

Adolescence

65
Q

GH secretion is lowest in

A

Adults

66
Q

Hyposecretion of GH is

A

Dwarfism

67
Q

Dwarfism

A

-less muscle, more fat in adults
-deficiency in adults produces relatively few symptoms

68
Q

Hypersecretion in childhood

A

Gigantism

69
Q

Hypersecretion as adult

A

Acromegaly

70
Q

Growth hormone excess is often

A

Caused by tumour GH producing cells of anterior pituitary

71
Q

Pineal gland

A

-located in centre of brain
-tiny pinecone shaped structure

72
Q

Melatonin is produced in

A

The pineal gland

73
Q

Melatonin

A

Peak levels during darkness
-secretion falls to low levels during light of day

74
Q

Functions of melatonin

A

Helps keep body’s circadian rhythms in synchrony with light dark cycle

-promote sleep
-puberty
-antioxidant and immunity

75
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Body’s master biological clock
-self induced cyclic variation in clock protein alter neural discharge from SCN

Physiology II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions