Chapter 15 - Acid/base Balance Part 1

Question 1

Internal pool

Answer 1

The quality of any particular substance in the ECF
-input must balance the output

Question 2

input

Answer 2

Ingestion, metabolic consumption
-substances into plasma is poorly controlled
-eating habits are variable

Question 3

Output

Answer 3

Excretion, metabolic consumption
-compensatory adjustments usually occur on output side by urinary excretion

Question 4

Positive balance vs negative balance

Answer 4

Positive balance- input exceeds output

Negative balance- output exceeds input

Question 5

___ is the most abundant substance in the body

Answer 5

Water

Question 6

ICF

Answer 6

Found inside cells

Question 7

ECF

Answer 7

Found outside cells
-interstitial fluid or plasma

Question 8

Body fluid

Answer 8

Extracellular 33p

Intracellular 67p

Question 9

Extracellular

Answer 9

Interstitial fluid 75p

Plasma 25p

Question 10

Minor ECF components

Answer 10

Lymph, transcellular fluid

Question 11

Barrier between ECF and ICF

Answer 11

Cellular plasma membranes and blood vessels
-major differences between ECF and ICF

Question 12

ECF serves as

Answer 12

An intermediary between the cells and external environment

Question 13

The body looks after the ECF via

Answer 13

Kidney function
-volume
-osmolarity

Question 14

ECF fluid volume affects

Answer 14

Blood pressure control

Question 15

ECF fluid osmolarity affects

Answer 15

Cell volume
-shape

Question 16

Maintains salt balance is very important in long term regulation of

Answer 16

ECF volume

Question 17

Maintains water balance is very important in regulating

Answer 17

ECF osmolarity

Question 18

Salt input occurs by

Answer 18

Ingestion

Question 19

Salt balance is maintained by

Answer 19

Outputs in urine

Question 20

Kidneys aim to

Answer 20

Keep salt constant in ECF

Question 21

Adjust the amount of salt excreted by controlling

Answer 21

-glomerular filtration rate
-tubular reabsorption of sodium

Question 22

Long term regulation of ECF volume and blood pressure

Answer 22

Control volume by controlling Na

Question 23

ECF and ICF have same ___ despite…

Answer 23

Osmolarity, large chemical differences

Question 24

If fluid outside cell has same osmolarity

Answer 24

Isotonic

Question 25

If fluid outside cell has higher osmolarity

Answer 25

Hypertonic

Question 26

If fluid outside cell has lower osmolarity

Answer 26

Hypotonic

Question 27

What is accountable for the ECF’s osmotic activity

Answer 27

Sodium

Question 28

What is accountable for the ICF’s osmotic activity

Answer 28

K+

Question 29

Deficit of free water in ECF

Answer 29

Osmolarity becomes too hypertonic
-too concentrated
-dehydration

Question 30

Excess of free water in ECF

Answer 30

Osmolarity becomes hypotonic
-doo dilute
-overhydration

Question 31

Hypertonic it’s

Answer 31

Excessive concentration of ECF solutes
-cells tend to shrink

-excessive water loss, or insufficient water intake
-diabetes insipidus

Question 32

‘Symptoms of hypertonicity

Answer 32

-shrinking of brain neurons
-circulatory disturbances
-dry skin, sunken eyes, dry tongue

Question 33

hypotonicity

Answer 33

-usually excreted in urine
-cells tend to swell

-water rapidly digested, kidneys can’t respond quick enough

Question 34

Hypotonicity symptoms

Answer 34

-swelling of brain cells
-weakness
-circulatory disturbances
-excess free water = water intoxication

Question 35

Output insensible loss

Answer 35

Lungs, non sweating skin

Question 36

Output sensible loss

Answer 36

Sweating, feces, urine excretion
-aware of but not neccesarily controlled

Question 37

Where is vasopressin produced

Answer 37

Heurosecretroy neuronal cell bodies in hypothalamus

Question 38

Where is vasopressin released

Answer 38

Neuronal terminals in posterior pituitary

Question 39

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors

Answer 39

Located near vasopressin secreting cells and thirst centre

Question 40

Osmolarity increases (hypertonic ECF)

Answer 40

Increased vasopressin secretion and thirst stimulated

Question 41

Osmolarity decrease (hypotonic ECF)

Answer 41

Vasopressin secretion decreased and thirst suppressed