Chapter One Flashcards
How is the brain connected to your body/senses?
contralaterally
Which side of the body does the right side of the brain control?
left side of the body
Which side of the body does the left side of the brain control?
right side of the body
What visual field does the left side of the brain process?
the right visual field
What visual field does the right side of the brain process?
the left visual field
Which hemisphere do we speak with?
the left hemisphere
Information processed in the left hemisphere
is presented to the right visual field-it is consciously recognized
information processed in the right hemisphere
is presented to the left visual field-it is not consciously recognized
patients can show us behaviorally that they saw it even if they can’t talk about it
Generalization
explaining behavior as examples of general laws
Reductionism
explaining complex things in terms of simpler ones
Rene Descartes
believed the body operated like a machine (St. Germaine statues)
nerves= hollow tubes
fluid in nerves= animal spirits
animal spirits were dumped into the muscles, swelling them
pineal gland regulated the animal spirits
What does the dualistic view of humankind say?
We have both a physical body and a non-physical mind
Johannes Muller
doctrine of specific nerve energies
all nerves carry the same message (electrical)
the experience depends on where the nerve originates and terminates
Broca
found the region for speech production
Wernicke
found the region for speech comprehension
Fritsch & Hitzig
electrical stimulation of motor cortex (used dogs)
Helmholtz
recorded the speed of neural impulses
found they were slower than what was believed at the time
Charles Darwin
theory addressed not only physical traits but behavioral as well
natural selection might cause brain to develop in different ways
different brains can lead to different behaviors
What did Darwins theory lead to?
advances in the study of functionalism
How are our brains compared to other species?
more dense
Neoteny
is a slowing of brain development, which promotes larger brain growth
Pure (basic) research
done to answer a question
Applied research
done in order to solve a problem
Alternatives to Animal Research
observational techniques, plants, tissue cultures, computer stimulations
each of these lack the ability to answer our questions
Why test animals?
sometimes, it is the only option available
there are stringent regulations and governmental oversight
The three R’s of Animal research
Replace- can you eliminate the use of animals
Reduce- minimum animals needed
Refine- no waste of anything
