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Physiological Psychology > Chapter Fourteen > Flashcards

Chapter Fourteen Flashcards

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1
Q

Any form of brain pathology can result in a variety of symptoms…

A

site and extent of pathology, age and health of patient, other health related problems

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2
Q

Malignant tumors

A

cancerous; not encapsulated, no guarantee all cells have been removed

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3
Q

Benign tumors

A

non-cancerous; encapsulated with a clear border between tumor and healthy tissue; can still be very dangerous due to growth

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4
Q

Mastastases

A

cells that are shred from a tumor and travel through the blood to other sites

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5
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

can result from “pinched off” lines for drainage of cerebral spinal fluid

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6
Q

Brain tumor names derive from…

A

the cells that produce them

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7
Q

Do brain tumors derive from neurons?

A

No because neurons do not have the ability to divide as other cells do

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8
Q

Glioma

A

derive from glia, usually fast growing and malignant

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9
Q

Meningioma

A

derive from meninges

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10
Q

Angioma

A

derive from blood vessels

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11
Q

Pinealoma

A

derives from pineal gland

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12
Q

Seizure disorders usually originate from..

A

the temporal lobe; can be caused by a variety of factors; may or may not involve full-body convulsions

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13
Q

Partial seizure

A

involve small part of the brain and derive from focus

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14
Q

Simple Partial Seizure

A

no loss of consciousness, motor, mental, and autonomic responses

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15
Q

complex partial seizure

A

same as simple partial seizure, but loss of consciousness

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16
Q

Generalize Seizure

A

involve most of the brain

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17
Q

Grand Mal

A

involve full body convulsions; may be preceded by aura; two phases- tonic and clonic

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18
Q

Tonic Phase

A

muscles contract forcefully

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19
Q

Clonic phase

A

muscles begin “jerking”; may lose consciousness for up to 15 minutes

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20
Q

Absence Seizures

A

common in children; may appear to be inattentive and occur hundreds of times daily

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21
Q

Blood disorders

A

most common problem is stroke

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22
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

bleeding from ruptured blood vessel

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23
Q

Obstructive Stroke

A

clot (thrombus) in a vessel that blocks blood flow

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24
Q

embolus

A

piece of thrombus that travels in artery, lodged in smaller arteries

25
Q

embolus

A

piece of thrombus that travels in artery, lodged in smaller arteries

26
Q

Teratogens

A

a substance that can cause a birth defect; what and when determine impact

27
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

common, yet entirely preventable

28
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

genetic predisposition that MAY lead to problems; causes disruption of myelination; once brains mature, can take small exposures

29
Q

Tay-Sachs Disease

A

disease found in those of Jewish Descent; genetic disposition–> brain swells; severe pain,

30
Q

Down Syndrome

A

result in extra 21st chromosome, supplied by mother

31
Q

Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

A

shaking of limbs, hands, loss of facial tone, fewer spontaneous movement; may not show reflexive behaviors

32
Q

Treatment for Parkinsons

A

L-Dope works well early on; transplanted DA rich brain tissue; surgical removal of globus pallidus

33
Q

Brain changes in those with Alzheimers Disease

A

brain abnormalities-shrinking of cortex, ventricular enlargement, neurofibrillary tangles, neuritis plaques, degenerating dendrites

34
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

autoimmune disease that eats away myelin

35
Q

Encephalitis

A

generic name for brain infection; blood-borne pathogens can get into the brain if protective mechanisms fail

36
Q

Effects of Polio

A

virus that damages motor neurons in the brain/spinal cord; typically effects motor cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brain stem

37
Q

Rabies

A

carried in animals saliva that are infected

38
Q

Meningitis

A

bacterial (causes brain damage) or viral; inflammation of the meninges

39
Q

What do symptoms of stroke depend on?

A

extent and location of damage that occurs

40
Q

What do strokes cause deficits in?

A

deficits of speech, movement, vision

41
Q

What does FAS cause in children?

A

physical and intellectual difficulties for FAS children- physical tend to be seen in facial features

42
Q

What is the IQ of those with full blown PKU?

A

around 20

43
Q

How long do those with tay-sachs usually live?

A

fatality by 5th birthday

44
Q

Can carrier parents of tay-sachs have health children?

A

carrier parents have healthy children as long as BOTH parents are not a carrier

45
Q

What are the physical and intellectual symptoms of down syndrome?

A

physical symptoms of face/body; lower intelligence, late in meeting childhood milestones

46
Q

What do the brain abnormalities of down syndrome resemble?

A

alzheimers by age 30

47
Q

What are the brain changes of those with Down syndrome?

A

brain changes-lighter, smaller/simpler gyri and suli

48
Q

Brain changes of those with Parkinsons

A

deregulation of DA neurons in substantia nigra

49
Q

When does the alzheimers risk increase?

A

with age

50
Q

Symptoms of those with MS

A

movement, motor, and cognitive, vision

51
Q

Do symptoms of MS go into remission?

A

yes in the early stages

52
Q

How long does it take for symptoms to develop?

A

20 years in most cases

53
Q

Causes of MS

A

genetic contribution & higher risk if born in late winter/early spring, female, and white

54
Q

How is polio kept in check?

A

through use of vaccines

55
Q

How soon can rabies cause death?

A

will cause death in 7-10 days of onset of symptoms

56
Q

What is the incubation period of rabies?

A

incubation period may be up to two months depends on where person was bit (upper or lower body)

57
Q

Effects of Rabies

A

travels to brain in peripheral nerves and damages cerebellum and hippocampus

58
Q

symptoms of meningitis

A

stiff neck is tell-tale symptom along with flu-like symptoms

59
Q

How soon can meningitis become fatal?

A

can become fatal within 24 if antibiotics are not administered for bacterial strand

Physiological Psychology (11 decks)

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