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Physiological Psychology > Chapter Four > Flashcards

Chapter Four Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychopharmacology?

A

study of the effect of substances on the nervous system and behavior

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2
Q

What are psychoactive substances?

A

any substance that impacts normal psychological functions

legal and illegal; powerful and benign

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3
Q

Central drugs

A

can get into your brain; get through the blood barrier

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4
Q

Peripheral drugs

A

cannot get into your brain

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5
Q

Intravenous IV

A

injected into vein; very quickly into the brain

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6
Q

Intraperitoneal (IP)

A

into peritoneal cavity (gut); not as fast as IV but still fast

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7
Q

Intramuscular (IM)

A

into a large muscle such as butt or thigh

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8
Q

Subcutaneous

A

can inject as liquid or pellets; beneath the skin

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9
Q

Oral

A

mouth, throat, nasogastric, most common

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10
Q

Sublingual

A

under the tongue

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11
Q

Intrarectal

A

when stomach is too sensitive for oral

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12
Q

Inhalation

A

smoking, inhalation, huffing

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13
Q

Topical

A

right onto the skin

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14
Q

Intracerebral

A

right into the brain

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15
Q

Intracerebroventricular

A

right into ventricular system; spinal tap or epidural

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16
Q

Which type of chemicals can cross the BBB?

A

lipid soluable

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17
Q

Dose Response Curves (DRC)

A

graphical representation of drug effect; come in a variety of shapes

drugs with different effects may have two different shaped DRC

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18
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

difference between effective dose of the drug and the to dose of the drug

bigger the therapeutic index-safer the drug

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19
Q

Barbituates vs. Benzos

A

margin of safety is much larger for benzos-why they are used now

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20
Q

Tolerance

A

more you take, higher dose needed

once believed to be purely physiological addiction

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21
Q

withdrawal

A

arises from physical addiction

some drugs are more addicting with worse withdrawal;

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22
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

mental; can be more difficult to break than addiction

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23
Q

Agonistic

A

facilitates post-synaptic effects; makes transmission quicker

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24
Q

Antagonistic

A

inhibits these effects; blocks

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25
Q

Direct Agonist

A

bind to reception and “mimic” neurotransmitter effect

26
Q

Direct Antagonist

A

placekeeper; binds to the receptor and blocks neurotransmitter effect

does not activate receptor

27
Q

Non-competitive binding

A

multiple receptor site for multiple compounds

28
Q

Indirect Antagonist

A

a ligand binds to one of the multiple receptor and blocks neurotransmitter

29
Q

Indirect Agonist

A

ligand binds to one of the multiple receptor sites and “mimics” neurotransmitter effect

30
Q

Blocking reuptake and inactivating enzymes

A

clean out the synapse

31
Q

Does blocking reuptake or inactivating enzymes have a longer effect on the cell?

A

stopping repute because the neurotransmitter stays on the receptor

32
Q

Why are blocking reuptake and inactivating enzymes agonistic?

A

they result in more transmitter in the synapse

33
Q

Glutemate

A

main excitatory transmitter

34
Q

GABA

A

main inhibitory transmitter

35
Q

Where are Gulatemate and GABA found?

A

both are found throughout the brain and serve to all regions/structures in the brain

36
Q

Acetycholine (Ach)

A

efferents that go to the muscle

involved in REM, learning, and memory

37
Q

How is Ach deactivated?

A

enzymatic deactivation

38
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A

prevents the release of Ach, causing paralysis (1 tsp. could kill 7 billion people)

causes respiratory distress because muscle of chest wall inhibited

39
Q

Black Widow Venom

A

opposite effect-agonistic

40
Q

Neostigmine

A

Ach agonist used to treat myasthenia graves (muscular weakness)

41
Q

Nicotinic

A

Ach receptor; stimulated by nicotine

42
Q

Muscarinic

A

Ach receptor; stimulated by muscarine

43
Q

Cucare

A

blocks nicotinic receptors; leaves person completely paralyzed but fully conscious; used in poison arrows/darts

44
Q

two varieties of monamine

A

catecholamines and indolamine

45
Q

Catecholamines

A

dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine

46
Q

Epinephrine

A

activates the sympathetic nervous system- adrenaline

47
Q

Indolamine

A

serotonin (5-HT)

48
Q

Dopamine

A

Parkinson’s, Schizophrenia, Cocaine/Amphetamine

involved in rewards/pleasure

49
Q

L-Dopa

A

treatment for Parkinsons

works really well for a while but more brain cells die off and eventually there are no cells to use it

50
Q

Nigrostriatal system

A

in substantia nigra- sends projections to basal ganglia (parkinsons)

51
Q

Mesolimbic System

A

to limbic system

52
Q

Mesocortical system

A

to prefrontal cortex

53
Q

Dopamine reuptake blockers

A

amphetamine, cocaine, ritalin

leave it in the synapse/receptors prolonging the effects

54
Q

Norepinephrine

A

found in the PNS;

partly responsible for sympathetic NS effects on organs

produced by same process as dopamine..an additional enzyme converts dopamine into norepinephrine

not released from terminal buttons

55
Q

Axonal Varicosities

A

swelling on axon terminals that make NE neurons look like beaded chains

56
Q

Where is epinephrine produced?

A

adrenal medulla

57
Q

Serotonin

A

important role in mood, sleeping, pain

most cell bodies of serotonergic neurons in brain stem

58
Q

What is the precursor to serotonin?

A

tryptophan

59
Q

What is related to a decrease in serotonin?

A

depression

60
Q

Where is serotonin released from?

A

varicosities

61
Q

Is Prozac an agonist or antagonist?

A

agonist-stops reuptake

62
Q

Fenfluramine

A

serotonin agonist; appetite suppressant, but causes drowsiness

Physiological Psychology (11 decks)

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