Chapter Nine

Question 1

A fundamental assumption of chi square tests is that no more than ____% of cells can have an expected frequency of less than ____

Answer 1

25% ; 5

Question 2

Although in a one variable chi square test each participant cannot be in more than one group, in a 2 x 2 chi square test this rule does not apply. True or false

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Data for a chi square test should be assumed to have no less than one participant per cell. If there is less than one participant per cell, it is sometimes useful to combine cells together into one category. True or false?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

For a 2x2 chi square test, which of the following equations would be used to calculate the degrees of freedom?

Answer 4

(r-1) x (c-1)

Question 5

How do we calculate the degrees of freedom for a goodness of fit test?

Answer 5

Number of categories -1

Question 6

If the assumption of 25% of cells w less than 5 isn’t met in a 2x2 chi square test what should you conduct

Answer 6

A fishers exact probability test

Question 7

One serious complication associated with the analysis of more than theee levels (e.g. 4x5) is:

Answer 7

It can be different to interpret accurately all of the relationships within a large contingency table

Question 8

A study was conducted where the times that students submitted their essays was analysed. In this number of early, later and on time students were counted. The number of students who planned their time was also counted, leading to two levels of time planning out or not. How would this be described

Answer 8

3x2

Question 9

Should you have use a one or two tailed hypothesis for a chi square analysis

Answer 9

It doesn’t matter

Question 10

What are the four steps of chi square tests

Answer 10

Take the expected frequencies away from the observed frequencies

Square all the numbers

Divided the numbers by a measure of variance (expected frequencies)

Sum all the numbers

Question 11

Using a goodness of fit test we can assess whether a set of obtained frequencies differ from a set of _______ frequencies

Answer 11

Expected

Question 12

What does the fishers exact probability test show

Answer 12

It shows the probability of obtaining the chi square value when the null is assumed to be true

Question 13

What is Cramer’s V used for

Answer 13

Cramer’s V is a measure of effect used for tests of association

Question 14

What sort of data is appropriate for chi square tests

Answer 14

Frequency counts

Question 15

When reporting your results, what elements should you include from the SPSS output

Answer 15

The pearsons X2, degrees of freedom and the probability level

Question 16

Which statement is false of chi square testing

Answer 16

Chi square can be applied to continuous variables; it just means that a larger contingency table is needed

Question 17

Which of the following hypotheses would be suited for testing by a one variable chi square test

Answer 17

It is hypothesised that in terms of car colour, more individuals choose a red car than a green, black or silver car

Question 18

You are conducting a one variable chi square test to test the hypothesis that there are equal numbers of vegetarians etc what would the expected frequencies be in each cell

Answer 18

79.67

Question 19

You conduct a study exploring whether or not students planned their time and whether or not they submitted their assignment on time. Your SPSS output shows a value of Cramer’s V of 0.42. How would you interpret this

Answer 19

18% of the variation in frequency counts of essay submission timing (on time or late) can be explained by time planning