Chapter 1

Question 1

______ allow a researcher to examine the degree and direction of the relationship between two characteristics or variables

Answer 1

Correlational designs

Question 2

A dependent variable refers to:

Answer 2

The variable which shows us the effect of the manipulation

Question 3

A solution typically used for dealing with the effects that can occur in a within participants design as a result of participants doing the conditions in a particular order is called:

Answer 3

Counterbalancing

Question 4

A study is carried out to compare offenders with non offenders on their levels of coping. What are the IV and DV?

Answer 4

IV: type of person
DV: level of coping

Question 5

A study is carried out to examine whether senior consultants have more positive coping skills than junior consultants. What is the IV and DV?

Answer 5

IV: seniority

DV : coping

Question 6

Sometimes the difference a researcher has observed in a dependent variable as a result of manipulating the independent variable may not be due to the manipulation but due to _____

Answer 6

Confounding variables

Question 7

If in SPSS there is a grouping variable in the data screen this tells you that it is a _____

Answer 7

Between-participants design

Question 8

Match the tests to research designs

Answer 8

T-tests = experimental designs and quasi-experiments designs

Spearman’s rho: correlational designs

Wilcoxon: quasi-experimental designs

Question 9

Match the research design to description

Answer 9

Correlational designs = examines relationships between variables and cannot infer causation

Experimental designs: involves random allocation of participants to conditions of the independent variable

Quasi-experimental designs: investigated groups of individuals and does not use random allocation of participants to conditions.

Question 10

Quasi-experimental designs have which of the following characteristics

Answer 10

Because participants are not randomly allocated to the various conditions, we cannot be certain that our pseudo-manipulation of the independent variable is responsible for any differences between conditions

Question 11

What sort of variable is manipulated by the researcher

Answer 11

Independent

Question 12

Which of the following constitute discrete variables

Answer 12

Number of reported crimes in one week

Question 13

Strained (2002) argues that in analyses you are only two thirds as likely to detect relationships among variables if you dichotomise continuous variables

Answer 13

Remembers

Question 14

Using a within participants design means that: (find he false answer)

Answer 14

Different people are tested in each condition of the IV

Question 15

Which of these statements relating to the experimental design or true experiment is false?

Answer 15

Experiments cannot reveal causal relationships as well as other research designs

Question 16

Which one of these problems associated with the within participants design is true?

Answer 16

There can be effects of a participant serving in more than one condition of the study

Question 17

You have found that men who went into care at a young age commit more crimes. What would you conclude?

Answer 17

There is not necessarily a causal relationship between going to care and the amount of crimes committed