CHAPTER IV: THE GENETIC MATERIAL (MODULE) Flashcards
The size of the DNA polymer varies with the complexity of
the organism; more complex organisms tend to have _______
DNAs
larger
Nucleoproteins are found in?
Cytoplasm particularly in the ribosomes
Has a very acidic property which gives nucleic acids their acidity
Phosphate (from phosphoric acid)
The 2 strands of the DNA structure is ________– each
has an opposite polarity to the other
antiparallel
Purines are composed of?
Adenine and Guanine
__________ is a polymeric substance made up of four nucleotides
(A, G, C, T).
DNA
Nitrogenous bases are connected by ___________.
H bonds
The other strand is formed in short segments (Okazaki fragments) in the 3’ to 5’ direction. The segments are joined together by DNA ligase
step 4 in DNA replication
Knowledge of the___________ and function of ___________ is essential in understanding genetics and many aspects of disease, pathophysiology, as well as the genetic basis of the disease
Structure
Nucleic acids
RNA is ___________, thus it does not contain equal amounts of specific bases
single stranded
What are the stop codons?
UAA, UAG, UGA
Stores all the information about the proteins that make-up the organism (genetic material)
DNA
Properties of Nucleoproteins:
1. ________
2. Soluble in _____ with which they form salts.
3. Precipitated from solutions by _______ but redissolved by dilute _____
4. Not _______by heat
5. Exhibit similar __________ and color reactions with proteins
Soluble
alkalies
acetic acid; HCl
coagulated
precipitation
What are the functions of Nucleoproteins?
- Duplication
- Storage, expression and transmission of genetic information
DNA: ____________
Chargaff’s rule
is the biochemical process by which DNA molecules produce exact duplicates of themselves
DNA Replication
TRUE OR FALSE:
Each time the cell divides, an exact copy of the DNA of the parent cell is needed for the new daughter cell
TRUE
DNA segment that codes for the biosynthesis of specific protein
Gene
groups of 3 adjacent bases that specify an amino acid
Codons/Coding triplet
Three Stages of Protein Synthesis:
- Transcription
- Translation
- Formation of Polypeptide chain
nucleoside joined with a phosphate group (Sugar + base)
Nucleotide
_________ are variable and stick out from the backbone
Nitrogenous bases
nitrogen base combined with 5-carbon sugar (Sugar + base + PO4);
Nucleoside
The base composition of the DNA of all organisms ____________
CONSTANT