Chapter Four and Five PPT

Question 1

What are tissues?

Answer 1

collections of cells and cell products that perform specific, limited functions

Question 2

Name the four types of tissue.

Answer 2

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Neural

Question 3

What does Epithelial tissue…

a) cover?
b) line?
c) form?

Answer 3

a) exposed surfaces
b) internal passageways
c) glands

Question 4

What does Connective tissue…

a) fill?
b) support?
c) transport?
d) store?

Answer 4

a) internal spaces
b) other tissues
c) materials
d) energy

Question 5

What is the specialty of muscle tissue? Give examples of muscle tissue.

Answer 5

• Specialized for contraction

- skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and hollow organ walls

Question 6

What is neural tissue’s purpose?

Answer 6

Carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another

Question 7

What are epithelia?

Answer 7

layers of cells covering internal or external surfaces

Question 8

What are glands?

Answer 8

structures that produce secretions

Question 9

Name the characteristics of Epithelia.

Answer 9

1) Cellularity (cell junctions)
2) Polarity (apical and basal surfaces)
3) Attachment (basement membrane or basal lamina)
4) Avascularity
5) Regeneration

Question 10

What are the functions of Epithelial tissue?

Answer 10

• Provide physical protection
• Control permeability
• Provide sensation
• Produce specialized secretions (glandular epithelium)

Question 11

Name the three specializations of Epithelial Cells?

Answer 11

1. Move fluids over epithelium
2. Move fluids through epithelium
3. Produce secretions

Question 12

Talk about the apical surface.

Answer 12

• Microvilli increase absorption or secretion

- Cilia move fluid

Question 13

What is polar about epithelial tissues?

Answer 13

Apical and Basolateral surfaces

Question 14

What maintains the integrity of epithelia?

Answer 14

• Intercellular connections
• Attachment to the basement membrane
• Epithelial maintenances and repair

Question 15

Describe the support and communication of intercellular connections.

Answer 15

• CAMs (transmembrane proteins)
• Intracellular cement (proteoglycans)
• Hyaluronan (glucosaminoglycans)

Question 16

What are cell junctions and what are the three types?

Answer 16

• form bonds with other cells or extracellular material

- Tight, Gap, Desmosomes

Question 17

Discuss tight junctions.

Answer 17

• between two plasma membranes
• adhesion belt attaches to terminal web
• prevents passage of water and solutes
• isolates wastes in the lumen

Question 18

Discuss gap junctions.

Answer 18

• allow rapid communication
• held together by channel proteins
• allow ions to pass
• coordinate contractions in heart muscle

Question 19

Discuss Desmosomes.

Answer 19

• CAMs, dense areas, and intercellular cement
  - Spot Desmosomes (tie cells together and allow bending and twisting)
  - Hemidesmosomes (attach cells to the basement membrane)

Question 20

Name the two layers attached to the basement membrane

Answer 20

• Clear

- Dense

Question 21

Describe the clear layer (lamina lucida)

Answer 21

• thin layer
• secreted by epithelia
• barrier to proteins

Question 22

Describe the dense layer (lamina densa)

Answer 22

• thick fibers
• produced by connective tissues
• strength and filtration

Question 23

Discuss epithelial maintenance and repair.

Answer 23

• replaced by division of germination (stem) cells near basement membrane

Question 24

Is epithelium singular or plural?

Answer 24

Singular

Question 25

Is Epithelia singular or plural?

Answer 25

Plural

Question 26

Name the three classes of epithelia based on shape and describe their shapes.

Answer 26

- Squamous epithelia (thin and flat, "squished" - Cuboidal epithelia (square shaped) - Columnar epithelia (tall, slender rectangles)

Question 27

Name the two classes of epithelia spaced on layers.

Answer 27

- Simple (single layer) | - Stratified (several layers of cells)

Question 28

The top layer of skin is _______ _______ epithelium.

Answer 28

stratified squamous

Question 29

Which protein adds strength and water resistance to the top layer of skin?

Answer 29

Keratin

Question 30

What lines body cavities?

Answer 30

Mesothelium

Question 31

What lines the heart and blood vessels?

Answer 31

Endothelium

Question 32

What absorbs and diffuses?

Answer 32

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 33

The simple cuboidal epithelium and simple columnar epithelium do what?

Answer 33

Absorb and secrete

Question 34

Stratified cuboidal epithelia are found in...

Answer 34

sweat ducts and mammary ducts

Question 35

Where are transitional epithelia located?

Answer 35

regions or the urinary system

Question 36

Match the following: 1. Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium 2. Stratified columnar epithelium a) protection b) cilia movement

Answer 36

1. B | 2. A

Question 37

What do endocrine glands lack?

Answer 37

ducts

Question 38

What do exocrine glands produce?

Answer 38

secretions

Question 39

What do endocrine glands do?

Answer 39

release hormones

Question 40

Name the three modes of glandular epithelia secretion.

Answer 40

merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

Question 41

Merocrine secretion: - Produced in _____ - Released by _____ - Example : _____

Answer 41

- Golgi Apparatus - vesicles (exocytosis) - sweat glands

Question 42

Apocrine secretion: - Produced in _____ - Released by _____ - Example: _____

Answer 42

- Golgi Apparatus - shedding cytoplasm - mammary glands

Question 43

Holocrine secretion: - Released by _____ - Gland cells replaced by _____ - Example: _____

Answer 43

- cells bursting, killing gland cells - stem cells - sebaceous glands

Question 44

Name the three types of secretions.

Answer 44

Serous glands (watery secretions), Mucous glands (secrete mucous), mixed exocrine glands (both serous and mucous)

Question 45

Unicellular glands have how many cells?

Answer 45

one

Question 46

What cells are the only unicellular exocrine gland?

Answer 46

Mucous

Question 47

Give an example of mucous cells

Answer 47

intestinal lining

Question 48

Give the classifications of multicellular glands by structure of the duct.

Answer 48

simple (undivided), compound (divided)

Question 49

Give the classifications of multicellular glands based on shape of secretory portion of the gland.

Answer 49

tubular (tube shaped), alveolar or acinar (blind pockets)

Question 50

A branched multicellular gland has what?

Answer 50

several secretory areas sharing one duct

Question 51

Name the two components of the Cutaneous Membrane.

Answer 51

outer epidermis and inner epidermis