Ch 18 Checkpoint

Question 1

Define hormone

Answer 1

a chemical messenger that is secreted by one cell and travels through the bloodstream

Question 2

Describe paracrine communication

Answer 2

the use of chemical messengers to transfer information from cell to cell within a single tissue

Question 3

Identify four mechanisms of intracellular communication.

Answer 3

Direct
Paracrine
Endocrine
Synaptic

Question 4

How could you distinguish between a neural response and an endocrine response on the basis of response time and duration?

Answer 4

Neural responses: quick, short direction

Endocrine: slow, long lasting

Question 5

How would the presence of a substance that inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase affect the activity of a hormone that produces its cellular effects by way of the second messenger cAMP?

Answer 5

A substance that inhibits adenylate cyclist, the enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP, would block the action of any hormone that requires cAMP as a second messenger

Question 6

What primary factor determines each cell’s hormonal sensitivities?

Answer 6

The presence or absence of the receptor complex needed to bind a given hormone

Question 7

Identify the two lovers of the pituitary gland

Answer 7

anterior lobe and posterior lobe

Question 8

If a person were dehydrated, how would the amount of ADH released by the posterior lobe change?

Answer 8

More ADH would be released

Question 9

Which pituitary hormone would you expect to be elevated if a blood sample contained elevated levels of somatomedins?

Answer 9

Growth hormones

Question 10

What effect would elevated circulating levels of cortisol, a steroid hormone from the adrenal cortex, have on the pituitary secretion of ACTH?

Answer 10

ACTH levels would decrease