Chapter 1 Systems

Question 1

Name and describe the basic functions of organisms

Answer 1

• Organization
  a) organized in a particular way
  b) different scopes (atom, molecule, organelles, cell, tissues, organs, organ systems -> organism)
• Responsiveness
  a) have the capability to respond to the stimuli of their environment
• Growth and differentiation
  a) grow and have stages of a life cycle
• Reproduction
  a) the source of new life is from previous life
• Movement
  a) can move
• Metabolism and Excretion
  a) Metabolism is defined as: “the sum of all chemical reactions in the body”; it is a web of reactions
  b) excretion = removal of waste products from the body

Question 2

What are the subcategories of gross anatomy?

Answer 2

- Surface Anatomy
      A) terms to describe common words
- Regional Anatomy
      A) specialty areas of the body
- Systemic Anatomy
      A) looks at body's systems
- Developmental Anatomy
      A) bodies change over time

Question 3

Gross Anatomy vs. Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 3

• Gross Anatomy- can be seen by the naked eye
• Microscopic- cannot be seen by the naked eye
  Examples: cytology, histology

Question 4

What do all vertebrates share?

Answer 4

A basic pattern of organization, most notably during the embryonic stage
A) there is as lot to learn through comparative anatomy

Question 5

Name the organ systems

Answer 5

1) Integumentary
2) Nervous
3) Skeletal
4) Endocrine
5) Muscular
6) Cardiovascular
7) Lymphatic
8) Urinary
9) Respiratory
10) Digestive
11) Reproductive

Question 6

Name the specialties of Physiology

Answer 6

• Cell physiology
• Special physiology
• Systemic physiology
• Pathological physiology

Question 7

Integumentary System- Major organs and Functions

Answer 7

- Major organs
      A) skin
      B) hair
      C) sweat glands
      D) nails
- Functions
      A) protects against environmental hazards
      B) helps regulate body temperature
      C) Provides sensory information

Question 8

Nervous System- Major Organs and Functions

Answer 8

• Major Organs
  A) Brain
  B) Spinal cord
  C) Peripheral nerves
  D) Sense organs
• Functions
  A) Directs immediate responses to stimuli
  B) Coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems
  C) Provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions

Question 9

Skeletal System- Major Organs and Functions

Answer 9

- Major Organs:
      A) Bones
      B) Cartilages
      C) Associated ligaments
      D) Bone marrow
- Functions
      A) Provides support and protection for other tissues
      B) Stores calcium and other minerals
      C) Forms blood cells

Question 10

Endocrine System- Major Organs and Functions

Answer 10

• Major Organs
  A) Pituitary gland
  B) Thyroid gland
  C) Pancreas
  D) Adrenal glands
  E) Gonads
  F) Endocrine tissues in other systems
• Functions
  A) Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems
  B) Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body
  C) Controls many structural and functional changes during development

Question 11

Muscular System- Major Organs and Functions

Answer 11

• Major Organs
  A) Skeletal muscles and associated tendons and aponeuroses
• Functions
  A) Provides movement
  B) Provides protection and support for other tissues
  C) Generates heat that maintains body temperature

Question 12

Cardiovascular System- Major Organs and Functions

Answer 12

Major Organs
A) Heart
B) Blood
C) Blood vessels
Functions
A) Distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials (nutrients, waste, oxygen, and carbon dioxide)
B) Distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature

Question 13

Lymphatic System- Major Organs and Functions

Answer 13

Major Organs
     A) Spleen
     B) Thymus
     C) Lymphatic vessels
     D) Lymph nodes
     E) Tonsils
Functions
     A) Defends against infection and disease
     B) Returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream

Question 14

Urinary System- Major Organs and Functions

Answer 14

Major Organs
A) Kidneys
B) Ureters
C) Urinary bladder
D) Urethra
Functions:
A) Excretes waste products from the bloody
B) Controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced
C) Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
D) Regulates blood ion concentrations and pH

Question 15

Respiratory System- Major Organs and Functions

Answer 15

Major Organs
  A) Nasal cavities
  B) Sinuses
  C) Larynx
  D) Trachea
  E) Bronchi
  F) Lungs
  G) Alveoli

Functions
  A) delivers air to alveoli 
  B) provides oxygen to bloodstream
  C) removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream
  D) produces sounds for communication

Question 16

Digestive System- Major Organs and Functions

Answer 16

Major Organs
   A) Teeth
   B) Tongue
   C) Pharynx
   D) Esophagus
   E) Stomach
   F) Small intestine
   G) Large intestine
   H) Liver
    I) Gallbladder
   J) Pancreas
Functions
   A) Processes and digests food
   B) Absorbs and conserves water
   C) Absorbs nutrients 
   D) Stores energy reserves

Question 17

Male Reproductive System- Major Organs and Functions

Answer 17

Major Organs
    A) Testes
    B) Epididymus
    C) Ductus deferens
    D) Seminal vesicles
    E) Prostrate gland
    F) Penis
    G) Scrotum
Functions
    A) produces male sex cells and hormones