CHAPTER 6 CHECKPOINTS Flashcards
Name the five primary functions of the skeletal system.
- Support
- Storage of minerals and lipids
- blood cell production
- protection
- leverage
Identify the six broad categories for classifying a bone according to shape.
- flat bones
- irregular bones
- long bones
- sesamoid bones
- short bones
- sutural bones
Define bone marking.
an area on the surface of a bone structured for a specific function; ex: joint formation, muscle attachment, nerve and blood vessel passages
Mature bone cells are known as __________, bone-building cells are called __________, and __________ are bone-resorbing cells.
osteocytes; osteoblasts; osteoclasts
How would the comprehensive strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite increased?
If the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite in a bone is increased, the bone would become less strong and more flexible
If the activity of osteoclasts exceeds the activity of osteoblasts in a bone, how will the mass of a bone be affected?
Because osteoclasts break down or demineralize bone, the bone would have a reduced mineral content (less mass); as a result, it would also be weaker
Compare the structures and functions of compact bone and spongy bone.
Compact
- osteons with little space between them
- lies over spongy bone and makes up most of the diaphysis
- protects, supports, and resists stress
Spongy
- consists of trabeculae with numerous red marrow-filled spaces
- makes up most of structure of short, flat, and irregular bones and us also found at long bone epiphyses.
- marrow storage and support
A sample of bone has lamellae, which are not arranged in osteons. Is the sample most likely taken from the epiphysis or diaphysis?
The presence of lamellae that are not arranged in osteons is indicative of spongy bone, which is located in the epiphysis.
During the intramembranous ossification, which type of tissue is replaced by bone?
During intramembranous ossification, fibrous connective tissue is replaced by bone.
In endochindral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts?
In endochondral ossification, cells of the inner layer of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts, and a cartilage model is gradually replaced by bone.
How could X-rays of the femur be used to determine whether a person has reached full height?
An X-ray would indicate whether or not the epiphyseal cartilage is still present.
Describe bone remodeling.
Old bone is continuously being destroyed by osteoclasts while new bone is being constructed by osteoblasts
Explain how heavy-metal ions could be incorporated into bone matrix.
Osteoblasts cannot differentiate between the metals and calcium
