Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 1000 (Segret) > Chapter Five - Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter Five - Consciousness Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is consciousness?

A

the subjective experience of the world, resulting from brain activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are variations of the normal conscious experience?

A
  1. sleep/wake cycles
  2. automatic tasks: done without awareness
  3. controlled processing: conscious awareness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Persistent Vegetative State

A
  • full coma lasting over a month
  • loss of almost all cognitive function
  • lower level brain functions only (ex. breathing)
  • no recovery possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Minimally Conscious State

A
  • deliberate movement and communication are possible

- some improvement possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Brain Death

A

no brain activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Locked-In Syndrome

A
  • normal activity in cortex, inactivation of part of brain stem
  • higher level processing intact, total awareness yet unable to communicate
  • damage: motor control areas in brain stem
  • result: paralysis of all muscles, except possible eyelids
  • -> “Ghost Boy”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Could someone in a coma be aware?

A

depends on remaining brain activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Imaging Studies in Coma Patients

A
  • told to visualize playing tennis or walking through rooms of a house
  • fMRI scans during instruction to determine activity in brain compared to non-coma patients
  • -> Mont, et al (2010): pts able to respond through communication scans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

connecting fibers between halves of brain

-help coordinate walking, make right/left side work together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Visual System Organization

A
  • both eyes see same thing
  • everything in left visual field ends up in right occipital cortex/vice versa
  • info shared between both sides (unless corpus callosum is gone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Left Hemisphere vs. Right Hemisphere

A 
Left:
-access to language (Broca's/Wernicke's)
-conscious
-sequential
Right: 
-better with spatial relationships
-face processing
-emotional processing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What part of the brain is the interpreter?

A
  • left hemisphere comes up with explanations for behavior in right hemisphere
  • right hemisphere simply “experiences” the world
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the minimum amount of sleep we need?

A

4.5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are microsleeps?

A

falling asleep for a few seconds without realizing it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens when we don’t get enough sleep?

A
  1. deficits in mental performance
  2. lack of sleep –> accidents
  3. poor decision making/more impulsivity
    - decrease in activity in frontal lobe
    - increase in weight/crave fatty foods
  4. impacts mood/anxiety
    - amydala is more active
  5. cognitive/memory deficits
  6. sleep debt
    - lack of sleep builds up –> increased lapses of attention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are negative health consequences of not getting enough sleep?

A
  • obesity
  • type 2 diabetes
  • cancer
  • increased inflammation –> cardiovascular disease
  • suppressed immune system - function better while we sleep
  • sleep debt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the interpreter?

A

a term specific to the left hemisphere; refers to the left hemisphere’s attempts to make sense of actions/ongoing events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is subliminal perception?

A

the processing of information by sensory systems without conscious awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are circadian rhythms?

A

the regulation of biological cycles into regular patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is REM sleep?

A

the stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, dreaming, and paralysis of motor systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is insomnia?

A

a disorder characterized by an difficulty getting or staying asleep

22
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnea?

A

a disorder in which a person, while asleep, stops breathing because his/her throat closes; the condition results in frequent awakenings during the night
-in non-REM sleep

23
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

a sleep disorder in which people experience excessive sleepiness during normal waking hours, sometimes going limp and collapsing (cataplexy)
-rapid REM onset (5 min): something wrong with restricting REM to sleep only

24
Q

what is manifest content?

A

according to Freud: the plot of a dream/the way a dream is remembered

25
Q

what is latent content?

A

according to Freud: what a dream symbolizes; the material that is disguised in a dream to protect the dreamer from confronting a conflict directly

26
Q

what is the evolved threat-rehearsal theory?

A

the idea that dreams sometimes stimulate threatening events so that people can rehearse strategies for coping

27
Q

What is hypnosis?

A

a social interaction during which a person, responding to suggestions, experiences changes in memory, perception, and/or voluntary action

28
Q

what is meditation?

A

a mental procedure that focuses attention on an external object or on a sense of awareness

29
Q

results of imaging studies with coma patients

A

told to visualize playing tennis OR walking through a house
fMRI scans during instruction were given to determine brain activity of coma patients compared to non-coma patients
results: same regions were activated (however doesn’t prove awareness)

30
Q

what is subjective experience?

A

?

31
Q

controlled vs automatic tasks

A

controlled: conscious awareness (ex. driving a city at rush hour)
automatic: done without awareness (ex. driving a familiar route)

32
Q

Joe and the “interpreter”

A

?

33
Q

flowerpot technique

A

method to selectively limit REM sleep in mice - placing them on a pedestal over water so that if they fell into REM sleep they would be quickly awakened

34
Q

REM Pressure

A

increased attempts to enter REM during deprivation

35
Q

REM Rebound

A

increased #/ intensity of REM episodes after deprivation

36
Q

Peter Tripp vs. Randy Gardner

A

Tripp: 45 yr old radio show host went 10 days no sleep –> hallucinated, unable to function
Gardner: high school student wanted to make world record for most amount of no sleep, went 11 days –> no big consequences
Difference: drugs vs. sleep lab (controlled setting)

37
Q

Familial Autosomal Insomnia

A

stop sleeping in middle age, just can’t sleep

–>usually die in 1.5 years

38
Q

Activation Synthesis

A

dreams are a by-product of random brain activity –> brain synthesizes activity with memories (creates a story)
emotion centers = active: intense emotions
prefrontal cortex = inactive: acceptance of illogical events

39
Q

REM vs. Non-REM dreams

A

REM: affect brain structures for motivation, emotion, reward, vision –> all active, frontal cortex is not (bizarre, intense emotions, imagery, acceptance of illogical events)
Non-REM: deactivation of many brain structures (dull dreams)

40
Q

Freudian View

A

emphasis on subconscious entertaining our wishes
manifest content: the plot of the dream, the way the dream is remembered
latent content: what a dream symbolizes, the material that is disguised in a dream to protect the dreams from confronting direct reality
*no scientific evidence (not a theory)

41
Q

Glial cell functions during sleep

A

shrink so toxins can flush out

42
Q

Facilitation of Learning: Non-REM vs. REM tasks/types of learning

A

Non-REM: spatial learning, simple/memorization
REM: complex/conceptual learning
–> students spend more time in REM sleep during exam periods

43
Q

Somnambulism: Case of Mr. A and sleepwalking violence

A

sleepwalking

  • happens in stages 2-3 (deep sleep)
  • inability to recognize people

Mr. A

  • lots of work stress, sleep deprivation, caffeine
  • wife asked him to fix pool filter
  • wife found stabbed 44 times and in pool
  • -> Mr. A unable to recognize wife in sleepwalk
  • found guilty
44
Q

REM Behavior Disorder

A

acting out dreams due to damage to areas in brain stem that normally inhibits muscles during REM sleep

45
Q

cataplexy

A

sudden loss of muscle tone, often triggered by emotions

46
Q

brain activity and consciousness

A

different type of sensory information are processed by different brain areas: the particular type of neural activity determines the particular type of awareness

47
Q

findings from split brain studies

A
  1. left hemisphere controls speech (can only talk about image on right side)
    right hemisphere is mute (unable to talk about image on left)

2.
left hemisphere is not good with spatial relationships (cannot put blocks in a square shape with right hand)
right hemisphere is better with spatial relationships (cannot talk about an image but can pick that object up with left hand)

48
Q

Stages of Sleep

A

Stage One: light sleep, easily aroused
Stage Two: breathing regulated, less sensitive to outside, K-complexes (occasional bursts of activity)
Stage Three/Four: large regular delta waves = slow wave sleep, hard to wake, disoriented
REM Sleep: beta waves like alert/awake mind, rapid eye movements, brain active-body paralyzed, dreams

49
Q

Sleep as Adaptive Behavior

A

restorative theory: allows brain to rest/repair

circadian rhythm theory: sleep evolved to keep animals quiet/inactive during times of day during greatest danger

50
Q

what is flow?

A

optimal experience in that the activity is completely absorbing and completely satisfying

51
Q

what is atonia?

A

lack of muscle tone, gradually decreases during sleep

Psychology 1000 (Segret) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions