Chapter Five Flashcards
personality development
the continuities, consistencies, and stabilities in people over time and the way people change over time
rank-order stability
maintenance of an individual position within a group
mean level stability
whether the average level of a characteristic or trait remains relatively consistent over time within a group
personality coherence
maintaining rank order but changing the manifestations of a trait
population level (personality analysis)
changes and consistencies that apply to everyone (the entire popuation)
group differences level (personality analysis)
changes and consistencies that apply to different groups of people (males and females)
individual differences level (personality analysis)
focuses on individual differences in changes and consistencies
personality research design
longitudinal design: examinations of the same groups or individuals over time
research on infants
- relies heavily on observer reports (parent)
- temperament based
research on adolescence
- combination of self-report and observational methods
research on adults
- heavily rely on self-report measures
temperament
individual differences that emerge early in life, likely heritable, involved with arousability and emotionality
six factors of temperament
activity level, smiling and laughter, fear, distress to limitations, soothability, duration of orienting
mean level stability in adulthood
- fairly consistent over time
cohort effects
social times which people lived
