Chapter C9- Crude Oil and Fuels Flashcards
What is crude oil?
What do these substances only contain?
What is the general formula for alkanes?
What does the n represent in this equation?
What are the following chemical formulas for these alkanes:
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
A mixture of different substances called hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Cn H2n +2
The number of carbon atoms
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14.
What are isomers?
What are alkanes called?
Why is this?
What do alkenes have?
What is the general formula for alkenes?
What are the following chemical formulas for these alkenes:
Ethene
Propene
Butene
Pentene
Hexene
Substances with the same chemical formula but have slightly different structures
Saturated hydrocarbons
Because they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the structure
One carbon, carbon double bond
Cn H2n
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
C6H12.
What are alkenes called?
Why is this?
What does volatile mean?
What does viscous mean?
What do hydrocarbons with smaller molecules make?
What three reasons is this?
What is fractional distillation of crude oil used for?
How does fractional distillation differ from distillation?
What are these called?
What is fitted above the mixture and with coming off of it?
What are the temperatures of the top and bottom of the column?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Because they don’t have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the structure due to the double carbon bond
Substances which evaporate quickly
How dense a liquid is
Better fuels than hydrocarbons with large molecules
Because they are volatile, flow easily and are easily ignited
To separate the different hydrocarbons in crude oil
It separates a mixture into a number of different parts
Fractions
A tall column is fitted above the mixture, with several condensers coming off at different heights
Hot at the bottom and cool at the top.
What happens to substances with high boiling points in the fractional distillation of crude oil?
What happens to substances with low boiling points?
How does fractional distillation like distillation work?
What are uses for the following products of the fractional distillation of crude oil:
Refinery gases
Gasoline (petrol)
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel oil
Fuel Oil
Residue
They condense at the bottom
They condense at the top
Because the different substances in the mixture have different boiling points
Bottled gas
Fuel for cars
Making chemicals
Aircraft fuel
Fuel for cars, lorries and buses
Fuel for ships and power stations
Bitumen for roads and roofs.
What are the boiling points and number of carbons in the hydrocarbon in that fraction, for the following products of the fractional distillation of crude oil:
Refinery gas
Gasoline (petrol)
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel oil
Fuel Oil
Residue
What are the four properties of the small molecules produced?
What are the four properties of the large molecules produced?
What are the two types of combustion?
3 carbons and 25 oC
7-9 carbons and 100-150 oC
6-11 carbons and 70-200 oC
15 carbons and 200-300 oC
20 carbons and 200-300 oC
40 carbons and above 500 oC
- Low boiling point
- Very volatile
- Flows easily
- Ignites easily
- High boiling point
- Not very volatile
- Doesn’t flow easily
- Doesn’t ignite easily
Complete and incomplete combustion.
What is combustion?
What is combustion another word for?
What is the formula for complete combustion?
What is the formula for incomplete combustion?
When does incomplete combustion occur?
What does the chemical formula CO represent?
How can you test the products given off when a hydrocarbon burns?
What is the cracking of hydrocarbons?
What can these be used as?
What two things are produced?
What is the general formula for the cracking of hydrocarbons?
What two other things have to be added for this to reaction to occur?
The reaction with oxygen
Burning
Fuel + O2— CO2 + H2O
Fuel + O2— CO + H2O
When there is not enough oxygen
Carbon monoxide
By seeing if the blue cobalt chloride paper turns pink if water is added
The breaking down of large hydrocarbons into smaller ones
Petrol or diesel
A small alkane and a small alkene
Large hydrocarbon— Small alkane + Small alkene
Heat and a catalyst.
What reaction is used to identify the double bond in an alkene?
What is the reaction and colour change if a double bond is present?
What is the reaction and colour change if a double bond is not present?
The reaction with bromine water
Alkene + Bromine Water— Bromine Water
(Orange) (Colourless)
Alkane + Bromine Water—Bromine Water.
(Orange) (Orange)
