Chapter C5- Chemical Changes Flashcards
What are the products of metals reacting with oxygen?
What are the products of metals reacting with water?
What are the products of metals reacting with an acid?
What is the chemical/ionic formula of a hydroxide?
What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?
What is the chemical formula for sulphuric acid?
A metal oxide.
Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen.
Salt + Hydrogen.
OH (-).
HCL.
H2SO4.
List all the metals and gases in the reactivity series in order of reactiveness?
Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum.
From what part of the reactivity series can anything under it be extracted using carbon?
What is this process known as?
What is the process called which extracts everything above carbon in the reactivity series?
Which three metals of the reactivity series are found as pure metals?
What is the mnemonic for remembering what oxidation and reduction do (concerning electrons)?
What does the following symbol mean: 2e (+/-)?
Anything under carbon.
Reduction.
Electrolysis.
Silver, gold and platinum.
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons Reduction Is Gain of electrons.
The number of electrons lost or gained.
What are the three types of equations?
What is something when referred to as a metal ore?
What three things determine whether something is worth extracting?
What does iron (III) and iron (II) mean?
How are oxides formed?
What is this process an example of?
What is an ore?
What is a reduction reaction?
Word, symbol and ionic.
When there’s enough of a metal/metal compound in a rock to make it worth extracting the metal.
- How easy it is to extract it from its ore.
- How much metal the ore contains.
- The changing demands for a particular metal.
Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ (losing two or three electrons to become that ion).
When a metal reacts with oxygen.
Oxidation.
A type of rock that contains metal compounds.
A reaction that separates a metal from its oxide.
What is oxidation a gain of?
How can some metals be extracted from their ores?
What happens to the oxygen in this reaction?
What happens to the carbon in this reaction?
What is the loss of oxygen called?
Why is carbon used to extract only some metals?
What is used to reduce Tungsten from its oxide?
What is the general equation for an acid reacting with metal?
Oxygen.
By reduction using carbon.
The ore is reduced as oxygen is removed from it.
The carbon gains oxygen and so is oxidised.
Reduction.
Because carbon can only take the oxygen away from metals which are less reactive than carbon itself.
Hydrogen.
Acid + Metal— Salt + Hydrogen.
What are the three main mineral acids?
What’s the process called when there’s the gaining of electrons?
What’s the process called when there’s the loss of electrons?
What is the chemical equation for a neutralisation reaction?
What does this reaction form?
What donates H+ ions?
What loses H+ ions?
What is a soluble base?
Hydrochloric, sulphuric and nitric.
Reduction.
Oxidation.
Acid + Alkali—Salt + Water.
A soluble salt.
Acids.
Bases.
An alkali.
What is the chemical formula for a hydroxide?
What are hydroxides?
What are oxides?
What are always aquis?
What is the name of the reaction for the equation acid + base equals salt + water?
What can you only separate in an ionic equation?
OH-.
Alkalis.
Oxides.
Acids.
Neutralisation reaction.
The aquis (dissolved in water) solutions.
What are the two equations for a neutralisation reaction?
Why is a reaction called a neutralisation reaction?
What happens in a neutralisation reaction concerning the H+ ions and the OH- ions?
What happens to these ions and what do they form?
What other salts can be made when an acid reacts with an alkali?
What happens/is formed in this reaction?
What is the word equation for the reaction of ammonia solution?
Acid + Base—Salt + Water
or
Acid + Alkali—Salt + Water.
Because water is produced at the end of the reaction which is neutral.
The H+ (aq) ions from the acid react with the OH- (aq) ions from the alkali.
The ions react to form water molecules.
Ammonium salts, as well as metal salts.
Ammonia reacts with water to form a weak alkaline solution.
Acid + Ammonia solution—an Ammonia salt + water.
After carrying out a titration to collect a pure, dry sample of crystals from the salt, what next?
What is the formed when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?
What does the ionic equation for a reaction only show?
What is the word equation for acids and metal carbonates reacting?
What is the chemical formulas for the following acids:
Hydrochloric
Nitric
Sulphuric.
What are acids a source of?
What do we call these?
What will hydroxide ions, from an alkali, readily combine with?
What do we call these?
Then crystallise and dry the crystals of salt from the reaction mixture.
A salt, water and carbon dioxide.
The ions, atoms and molecules that change when the new products are formed.
Acid + Carbonate—A salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide.
HCL
H2SO4
HNO3.
Acids are a source of protons.
Proton donors.
Protons.
Proton acceptors.
What are acids (in terms of ph)?
What do all acids form when added to water?
What are alkalis?
What do all alkalis form when added to water?
What is the ph scale a measure of?
What is ethanoic acid an example of?
What is hydrochloric acid an example of?
What does a strong acid have more available to react compared with a weak acid?
Substances with a ph of less than 7.
Hydrogen ions (H+).
Bases which can dissolve in water.
Hydroxide ions (OH-).
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution (H+ ions or protons).
An organic acid.
A mineral acid.
H+ ions.
What is the strength of an acid?
What is the concentration of a substance?
What is there if the ph of a substance is low?
What does dilute mean?
What does concentrated mean?
How much it ionises.
How much of the substance there is.
There’s a high concentration of hydrogen in that solution.
Lots of water.
Less water.
