Chapter C11- Polymers Flashcards
What are polymers?
What are the two types of polymers?
Describe what happens in the first type of polymer?
What must monomers have?
What is ethene called when it becomes this type of polymer?
What is the general rule for a polymonomer?
What are four uses of polyethene?
What are the three uses of polypropene and what does it generally form?
What is addition polymerisation?
What do condensation polymers form?
What are diols?
Macromolecular structures
Addition polymers and condensation polymers
From monomers to polymers. Only the polymer is formed and no additional products
A double bond
Polyethene
Poly + Monomer
Carrier bags; bottles; dustbins; cling film
Carpets, ropes and milk crates. Forms tough plastics
The reaction between alkene monomers to form a polymer
A polymer + small molecule
Alcohols but with 2 OH groups.
What are the reactants in condensation polymerisation?
What are dicarboxylic acids?
What are the products formed called?
What two things is glucose?
What does this last name mean?
What are simple sugars called?
What can these molecules do?
What is an example of this and what is it made from?
What is this called?
What is removed when this compound is made?
Diols and Dicarboxylic acids
An acid with 2 COOH groups
Polyesters
A sugar and a monosaccharide
It’s made from one sugar unit
Monomers (monosaccharides)
Bond together to make larger molecules
Sucrose made from one glucose and one fructose molecules
A disaccharide
The water molecule is removed.
What can polysaccharides be made up of?
How many glucose monomers is starch made up of?
How many glucose monomers is cellulose made up of?
What is the difference between these two compounds?
What do plants use as energy stores and from where?
What gives the plant its structure?
What are monomers of proteins called?
What is glycine?
What are the three parts to an amino acid?
What are small chains of proteins?
What is the bond in these substances called?
How many different amino acids are there and what do they do?
What is DNA?
What is DNA made up of?
What are the three parts of DNA and what are the four different kinds of the last part?
What can bases have when they form bonds together?
Thousands of monomers
1500
10000
Cellulose has straighter chains than starch
Starch from glucose
Cellulose
Amino acids
The simplest amino acid
Amino group, side chain and carboxyl group
Polypeptides
Peptide bonds
20 different amino acids that bond in a different order to make different proteins
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Repeating units called nucleotides
Phosphate group; sugar deoxyribose; base (A,T,C and G)
2 or 3 intermolecular bonds.
What is the waste product in condensation polymerisation?
What does the n mean in the showing of the chemical structure of a polymer?
How are polymers made by?
What is the definition of plastics and in what two conditions can they be shaped by?
How do monomers join together by?
What are many polymers formed from and what is this reaction called?
What do these substances contain?
How are polyesters formed (describe the reaction in detail with reactants and products)?
What does this type of polymerisation involve?
What two things happens when the monomers react together?
How can amino acids form polymers and what are these known as?
Water
The n means a very large number
When hundreds of monomers join together to form long chains
Plastics are synthetic (man made) polymers that can be shaped by heat or pressure
By covalent bonds
Alkenes which is addition polymerisation
A double covalent bond between the carbon atoms
Formed from the condensation polymerisation of a diol and a dicarboxyl acid, with a polyester being formed along with water being given off in the reaction
Monomers which contain different functional groups
Bonds form between them, making polymer chains
Amino acids can form polymers known as polypeptides via condensation polymerisation.
What happens for each new bond that forms in condensation polymerisation and give an example?
What does the simplest types of condensation polymers contain?
What does each of these contain?
What is the simplest alkene called and what is its chemical formula?
What are the nucleotides in DNA known as?
What does a DNA molecule consist of (in specific detail)?
What does DNA’s structure contain and what does it determine?
What can then happen to the genetic code to make what?
What does the order of bases act as in DNA?
A small molecule (for example water) is lost
Two different types of monomers
These each have two of the same functional groups
Simplest alkene is ethene (C2 H4)
Monomers
DNA molecule consists of 2 polymer strands (with sugars bonded to phosphate groups) intertwined in a double helix
Contains a genetic code that determines the different amino acid sequences of every protein in your body
It can then be copied to make protein molecules with exactly the sane sequence of every protein in your body
A code for an organism’s genes.
