Chapter 9.2

Question 1

Early attachment

Answer 1

When children form strong connections and emotional binds with caretakers

Question 2

What did Harry Harlow do

What does his exp support?

Answer 2

Did experimental work with monkeys who were deprived of all early social interaction.

Results showed that healthy social and emotional development is rooted in child’s early social interactions with adults.

Question 3

Attachment

Answer 3

Emotional bond that forms between an infant and caregivers, especially parents during first year of life.

Question 4

John Bowbly (and others)

Answer 4

Observed institutionalized children and led to understanding of importance of parent-child interactions in development.

Question 5

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 5

Involved with “Ainsworth’s Strange Situation” regarding mother-child dyads being observed under four conditions.

Question 6

What were four conditions involved in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation?

Answer 6

Initial mother-child interaction

Mother leaves infant alone in playroom

Friendly stranger enters playroom

Mother returns and greets child

Question 7

Securely attached children

Answer 7

Those who explored the room when their mothers are present. Become upset and explore less when their mothers are not present, and SHOW PLEASURE when they return.

Question 8

Insecurely attached children

Answer 8

Those who are less likely to explore the environment, even when their mothers are present. Can be Avoidant or Ambivalent.

Question 9

Secure child characteristic

Answer 9

Distressed when caregiver leaves, but quickly comforted when caregiver returns.

Question 10

Avoidant child characteristic

Answer 10

Not distressed when caregiver leaves, also avoids the caregiver when they return

Question 11

Ambivalent child characteristics

Answer 11

Inconsolably upset when caregiver leaves. Child will also both seek and reject caring contact when caregiver returns. (Bitchy child)

Question 12

According to Piaget’s theory, children actively try to…

Answer 12

Make sense of their environment rather than just passively soaking up information

Question 13

Child _________ new info and experiences, and changes his way of thinking to _______ new knowledge

Answer 13

Assimilate, accommodate

Question 14

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 14

Stage from birth to 2 years; during which child has little competence in representing the environment by using images language or other symbols

Question 15

Object permanence

Answer 15

Understanding that objects exist independent of one’s actions or perceptions of them.
(not present in children before 6 months…those mfs think your face rlly disappears in peekaboo)

Question 16

Preoperational Stage

Answer 16

Period from 2-7 years; young child’s increasing capacity for symbolic thought is reflected in their interest for symbolic play and deferred imitation

Question 17

Symbolic thought means…

Deferred imitation means…

Answer 17

Symbolic thought means that one object stands for another

Deferred imitation means the capacity to repeat an action observed earlier

Question 18

Egocentric thought

Answer 18

Lack the ability to consider events from another person’s POV

Question 19

Jean Piaget

Answer 19

Psychologist who created the 3-mountain-task test (discussed later)

Question 20

Describe Piaget’s Three Mountains Task

Answer 20

When asked to choose the picture that a doll sees sitting across from them, they are unable to notice the fact that the mountain in the middle is closer to them than the doll, so they cant tell the dolls POV is different (google it)

Question 21

Irreversability

Answer 21

Child cannot mentally reverse sequence of event

Question 22

Centration

Answer 22

Tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation

Question 23

Principle of conservation

Answer 23

Knowledge that quantity is unrelated to arrangement and physical appearance of objects

EXP: imagine you have two similar sized clay balls, if you stretch one longer than the other, is the patient able to realize its still the same amt of clay?

Question 24

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 24

Period from 7-12 years of age that is characterized by increasingly logical thought and loss of egocentrism

Question 25

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 25

Period from age 12 to adulthood that is characterized by abstract thought

Question 26

Example of abstract thought

Answer 26

Sarcasm, poetry, etc.

Question 27

Jon Erikson associated with what theory and test

Answer 27

Psychosocial development, Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development

Question 28

Psychosocial development stresses importance of

Answer 28

social and cultural influences on personality through the stages of life.

Question 29

Erikson’s eight stages stages of psychosocial development

Answer 29

Infancy, toddler, preschool, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, old age.

Outcome of each stage varies along continuum from positive and negative

Question 30

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Answer 30

Made the Ecological systems theory, dividing influence into tiers of Microsystem, exosystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem. (Increasingly larger scale but more distant method of influence)