Chapter 8

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Complex psychological state that involves subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response.

Question 2

Emotional intelligence level influences

Answer 2

reasoning and decision making

Question 3

Charles Darwin wrote

Answer 3

Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals, where he described the facial expressions, body movements, and postures used to express specific emotions in animals and humans.

Question 4

Common Sense view of emotion would suggest that if you saw a threat, you would:

Answer 4

1) Recognize a threatening situation and
2) react by feeling fearful, and that is subjective experience
3) Activates your sympathetic nervous system, which
4) triggers fearful behavior

Question 5

James

Answer 5

Psychologist who disagreed with the theory of common sense developed the James-Lange theory of emotion (1890)

Question 6

James-Lange theory of emotion (1890)

Answer 6

Stimulus is perceived, Physiological and behavioral changes occur, which are experienced as a particular emotion. (It is the physiological changes that cause you to experience emotion)

Question 7

Facial Feedback Hypothesis states that

Answer 7

Expressing a specific emotion, especially facially, causes us to subjectively experience that emotion

Question 8

Fritz Strack did what

Answer 8

a clever study where some people were told to hold a pen between teeth (forces a smile) and some were forced to hold a pen between lips (forces frown). Those with a forced smile inherently thought the same comics were funnier than the people who had a forced frown.

Question 9

Critiques of the James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Answer 9

Body reactions are similar for many emotions, yet our subjective experience of various emotions is very different (Cannon, 1927)

Our emotional reaction to a stimulus is often faster than our physiological reaction

Artificially induced physiological changes does not necessarily produce a related emotional experience.

Question 10

Schachter and Singer, 1962

Answer 10

Made two-factor Theory of Emotion

Question 11

Two-factor theory of emotion

Answer 11

Emotion is the interaction of physiological arousal and the cognitive label that we apply to explain arousal

Question 12

Dutton & Aron, 1974

Answer 12

Did a modern study in Two-Factor Theory

(Scary bridge vs. Safe bridge) Look this up

Question 13

Ekman and Colleagues 1982

Answer 13

explored how similarly people made emotional expressions around the world

Question 14

Display rules

Answer 14

Cultural norms influence emotional expression and management of facial expressions (figured out by Ekman)

Question 15

Ritualized display

Answer 15

Existence of cultural rules lead people to express distinctive facial expressions voluntarily (not reflex based)

Question 16

Paul Ekman’s Micro-expressions

Answer 16

Fleeting facial expressions, vocal, clues and nervous body movements which last approx. 1/25 of a second

Question 17

Emotions are associated with distinct patterns of responses by

Answer 17

sympathetic nervous system and the brain

Question 18

Fear causes (what to skin temp)

Answer 18

decrease (cold feet)

Question 19

Anger causes (what to skin temp)

Answer 19

Increase (hot)

Question 20

Amygdala (part of brain) activates when seeing

Answer 20

threatening or fearful aces or when hearing sounds related to fear

Question 21

Damaged amygdala means

Answer 21

inability to acquire fear response or recognize fear in facial expressions or voice

Question 22

Twi neural pathways for sensory information that project from thalamus

Answer 22

one leads to the cortex (indirect)

One leads directly to the amygdala bypassing cortex (Direct)