Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Social psychology

A

Branch of psychology that studies how thoughts feelings and behaviors are influenced by the presence of other people and by the social and physical environment

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2
Q

What are two key research areas in social psychology

A

Social influence and social cognition

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3
Q

Social influence

A

Focuses on how our behavior is affected by other people and by situational factors

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4
Q

Social cognition

A

The mental processes people used to make sense of their social environment

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5
Q

Conformity

A

Adjusting opinions judgment or behavior so that it matches that of other people or the norms of a social group or situation

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6
Q

Normative social influence

A

Subjects desire to be a liked and excepted by the group

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7
Q

Informational social influence

A

Subjects reported having doubted their own perceptual abilities which led to their conformance

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8
Q

Solomon Asch’s experiment (1955)

A

Tested conformity, standard line test

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9
Q

Result of Asch’s experiment

A

76% of participants conformed atleast one wrong choice

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10
Q

You are more likely to conform to group norms when (say atleast 3)

A

You are facing a unanimous group of at least four or five people

You must give your response in front of the group

You have not already expressed commitment to a different idea or opinion

You find the task to be ambiguous or difficult

You doubt your abilities or knowledge in the situation

You are strongly attached to a group or want to be a member of it

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11
Q

Conformity is higher in____________than in_____________

A

Collectivistic cultures, individualistic cultures

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12
Q

Individualistic cultures

A

Tend to emphasize independence

Conformity chance to carry a negative connotation

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13
Q

Collectivistic cultures

A

Publicly challenging the judgment of others particularly the judgment of members of ones in group would be considered rude tactless and insensitive

Conformity does not seem to carry the same negative connotation

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14
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

Known for his obedience study in 1962

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15
Q

Obedience

A

The performance of a behavior in response to a direct command typically an authority figure or a personal her status such as a teacher or supervisor gives a command

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16
Q

What was Stanley Milgram‘s critical question

A

Can a person be pressured by others in the committing a immoral act even some of that violated his or her own conscious such a hurting stranger stranger

17
Q

Name one of Stanley Milgram’s experiment

A

The electric chair

18
Q

What happened in the electric chair

A

Levels of volt to ‘leaner’ if they got something wrong was 150, 300, 450 volt shock applied by random teacher

2/3 of milligram subjects were fully compliant and went to the full 450 volt level

Evil of those who disobeyed experimenter not one stop before 300 volt level

19
Q

When teachers were allowed to act as her own authority and freely choose a shock level what happened

A

95% of them did not venture beyond 150 voltes

20
Q

Milgram found that people were more likely to muster up the courage to defy authority when

A

They saw others do so

21
Q

Who is Philip Zimbardo

A

Administered the Stanford Prison Experiment

22
Q

A state of reduced individuality self-awareness and attention to personal standards occurs when

A

People are a part of a group

23
Q

Lynndie England

A

Instructed to hold leash (tied to tortured prisoner) and stand there

24
Q

Philip Zimbardo said that (non-important)

A

unless we learn the dynamics of “why” we will never be able to counteract the powerful forces that can transform ordinary people into evil perpetrators

25
Bystander effect
A phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely each individual is to help someone distressed
26
Diffusion of responsibility
Like the bystander effect it is a phenomenon in which the presence of other people makes it less likely that any individual will help someone in distressed, this is because the obligation to intervene is shared among all onlookers
27
Two reasons for the bystander effect
Diffusion of responsibility Motivation to some extent by desire to behave in a socially acceptable way (normative social influence) and appear correct (informational social influence)
28
Social cognition
Mental process that people use to make sense of their social environment like attribute attitude and stereotype
29
Attribution refers to the
Process of explaining your own behavior and the behavior of other people
30
Personal attributions
Refer to peoples internal characteristics such as abilities, traits, moods, or efforts
31
Situational attributes
Refer to external events such as the weather, luck, accidents, or other people’s actions
32
Fundamental attribution error
Tendency to spontaneously attribute the behavior of others to internal personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the role of external situational factors
33
Changing attitude
A learn Tennessee to evaluate some object, person, or issue in a particular way
34
Festinger and Carlsmith, 1959
Tested Cognitive dissonance
35
Cognitive dissonance
 The state of having inconsistent thoughts and beliefs or attitude especially relating to the behavior decisions and attitude change
36
When you were torn between two choices it means you
Deemphasize a negative features of the choice he rejected And emphasize the positive features of the choice you made
37
Implicit
Evaluations that are automatic, unintentional, and difficult to control People can be unaware of them but they influence choices and behavior
38
Implicit association test or IAT
Most widely used test measure implicit attitudes and preferences