Chapter 11

Question 1

Social psychology

Answer 1

Branch of psychology that studies how thoughts feelings and behaviors are influenced by the presence of other people and by the social and physical environment

Question 2

What are two key research areas in social psychology

Answer 2

Social influence and social cognition

Question 3

Social influence

Answer 3

Focuses on how our behavior is affected by other people and by situational factors

Question 4

Social cognition

Answer 4

The mental processes people used to make sense of their social environment

Question 5

Conformity

Answer 5

Adjusting opinions judgment or behavior so that it matches that of other people or the norms of a social group or situation

Question 6

Normative social influence

Answer 6

Subjects desire to be a liked and excepted by the group

Question 7

Informational social influence

Answer 7

Subjects reported having doubted their own perceptual abilities which led to their conformance

Question 8

Solomon Asch’s experiment (1955)

Answer 8

Tested conformity, standard line test

Question 9

Result of Asch’s experiment

Answer 9

76% of participants conformed atleast one wrong choice

Question 10

You are more likely to conform to group norms when (say atleast 3)

Answer 10

You are facing a unanimous group of at least four or five people

You must give your response in front of the group

You have not already expressed commitment to a different idea or opinion

You find the task to be ambiguous or difficult

You doubt your abilities or knowledge in the situation

You are strongly attached to a group or want to be a member of it

Question 11

Conformity is higher in____________than in_____________

Answer 11

Collectivistic cultures, individualistic cultures

Question 12

Individualistic cultures

Answer 12

Tend to emphasize independence

Conformity chance to carry a negative connotation

Question 13

Collectivistic cultures

Answer 13

Publicly challenging the judgment of others particularly the judgment of members of ones in group would be considered rude tactless and insensitive

Conformity does not seem to carry the same negative connotation

Question 14

Stanley Milgram

Answer 14

Known for his obedience study in 1962

Question 15

Obedience

Answer 15

The performance of a behavior in response to a direct command typically an authority figure or a personal her status such as a teacher or supervisor gives a command

Question 16

What was Stanley Milgram‘s critical question

Answer 16

Can a person be pressured by others in the committing a immoral act even some of that violated his or her own conscious such a hurting stranger stranger

Question 17

Name one of Stanley Milgram’s experiment

Answer 17

The electric chair

Question 18

What happened in the electric chair

Answer 18

Levels of volt to ‘leaner’ if they got something wrong was 150, 300, 450 volt shock applied by random teacher

2/3 of milligram subjects were fully compliant and went to the full 450 volt level

Evil of those who disobeyed experimenter not one stop before 300 volt level

Question 19

When teachers were allowed to act as her own authority and freely choose a shock level what happened

Answer 19

95% of them did not venture beyond 150 voltes

Question 20

Milgram found that people were more likely to muster up the courage to defy authority when

Answer 20

They saw others do so

Question 21

Who is Philip Zimbardo

Answer 21

Administered the Stanford Prison Experiment

Question 22

A state of reduced individuality self-awareness and attention to personal standards occurs when

Answer 22

People are a part of a group

Question 23

Lynndie England

Answer 23

Instructed to hold leash (tied to tortured prisoner) and stand there

Question 24

Philip Zimbardo said that (non-important)

Answer 24

unless we learn the dynamics of “why” we will never be able to counteract the powerful forces that can transform ordinary people into evil perpetrators

Question 25

Bystander effect

Answer 25

A phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely each individual is to help someone distressed

Question 26

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 26

Like the bystander effect it is a phenomenon in which the presence of other people makes it less likely that any individual will help someone in distressed, this is because the obligation to intervene is shared among all onlookers

Question 27

Two reasons for the bystander effect

Answer 27

Diffusion of responsibility

Motivation to some extent by desire to behave in a socially acceptable way (normative social influence) and appear correct (informational social influence)

Question 28

Social cognition

Answer 28

Mental process that people use to make sense of their social environment like attribute attitude and stereotype

Question 29

Attribution refers to the

Answer 29

Process of explaining your own behavior and the behavior of other people

Question 30

Personal attributions

Answer 30

Refer to peoples internal characteristics such as abilities, traits, moods, or efforts

Question 31

Situational attributes

Answer 31

Refer to external events such as the weather, luck, accidents, or other people’s actions

Question 32

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 32

Tendency to spontaneously attribute the behavior of others to internal personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the role of external situational factors

Question 33

Changing attitude

Answer 33

A learn Tennessee to evaluate some object, person, or issue in a particular way

Question 34

Festinger and Carlsmith, 1959

Answer 34

Tested Cognitive dissonance

Question 35

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 35

 The state of having inconsistent thoughts and beliefs or attitude especially relating to the behavior decisions and attitude change

Question 36

When you were torn between two choices it means you

Answer 36

Deemphasize a negative features of the choice he rejected

And emphasize the positive features of the choice you made

Question 37

Implicit

Answer 37

Evaluations that are automatic, unintentional, and difficult to control

People can be unaware of them but they influence choices and behavior

Question 38

Implicit association test or IAT

Answer 38

Most widely used test measure implicit attitudes and preferences