Chapter 9.1

Question 1

3 Domains for Development

Answer 1

Physical, Social, and Cognitive

Question 2

Critical period

Answer 2

Period in child development where they are Maximally sensitive to environmental influence

Question 3

Cross-sectional Research

Answer 3

Research between people of diff age groups but all in one study at once (cross over).

Question 4

Longitudinal research

Answer 4

Investigate behavior as participants age (follow someone through development and diff age in life)

Question 5

Preformationism

Answer 5

Suggested that a miniature preformed human existed in fathers sperm or mothers egg

Question 6

Epigenesis

Answer 6

By Aristotle: proposed emergence of new structures and functions during development (not preformationist)

Question 7

Germinal period

Answer 7

0-2 weeks; germination period of egg and sperm

Question 8

Who is at higher risk for infanticide and who is higher risk for diseases/higher c section

Answer 8

Females, Males

Question 9

Embryonic period

Answer 9

3-8 weeks; ORGAN FORMATION PERIOD

Spinal cord, brain, and all internal organs like heart, lungs, kidneys, and sex organs form.

Question 10

How are fingers formed on the embryo hand plate?

Answer 10

Apoptosis of cells between fingers

Question 11

Fetal period

Answer 11

Week 9 - Birth; brain continues developing, bodily structures and fetus grows in length and weight. Fetus accumulates fat and movements become stronger.

Question 12

Healthy infant birth range

Answer 12

38-42 weeks

Question 13

What do you call infants born before week 38

Answer 13

Preterm infants

Question 14

Madeline

Answer 14

Smallest newborn to survive premature birth.

Born in 1989 after 27 weeks.

Question 15

Describe fetal sight and touch

Answer 15

Minimal vision but more tactile experience

Question 16

Describe fetal taste and smell

Answer 16

Taste sensitivity develops and fetal preferences develop

Question 17

Describe Fetal hearing

Answer 17

Responds to sound by the 6th month of development

We know b/c heart rates let us know they distinguish between speech and music.

Question 18

Kisilevsky et al.

Answer 18

2003 study where fetus learned and prefers and remembers mothers voice!!

Question 19

Teratogens

Answer 19

Harmful agents or substances that can cause malformations or defects in embryo or fetus.

Question 20

4 teratogens

Answer 20

Mothers nutrition or illness

Mothers emotional state and use of drugs

Alcohol

Nicotine

Question 21

FASD (Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder)

Answer 21

Result of maternal alcoholism, associated with mental retardation, facial deformity, and other problems.

Question 22

Sleeper effects

Answer 22

Impact of given agent may not be apparent for many years.

Question 23

DES (Diethylstiberstrol)

Answer 23

Commonly used drug ti prevent miscarriage in the 40s-60s

High rate of cervical and testicular cancer 15 years later (EXAMPLE OF SLEEPER EFFECT)

Question 24

Dose-Response Relation means that…

Answer 24

Increases in exposure to potential teratogens are associated with greater probabilities of fetal defects and with more severe problems.

Question 25

List a few Maternal Factors

Answer 25

Age of mother, nutrition, disease, and emotional state.

Question 26

Infants’ developing brain change in what 2 ways?

Answer 26

Myelinated axons form synapses with other neurons Over time, with experience, the synaptic connections are refined to preserve the most important and helpful connections.

Question 27

Inborn reflexes

Answer 27

Reflexes babies are born having, like rooting, sucking, and grappling.