Chapter 9.1 Flashcards
3 Domains for Development
Physical, Social, and Cognitive
Critical period
Period in child development where they are Maximally sensitive to environmental influence
Cross-sectional Research
Research between people of diff age groups but all in one study at once (cross over).
Longitudinal research
Investigate behavior as participants age (follow someone through development and diff age in life)
Preformationism
Suggested that a miniature preformed human existed in fathers sperm or mothers egg
Epigenesis
By Aristotle: proposed emergence of new structures and functions during development (not preformationist)
Germinal period
0-2 weeks; germination period of egg and sperm
Who is at higher risk for infanticide and who is higher risk for diseases/higher c section
Females, Males
Embryonic period
3-8 weeks; ORGAN FORMATION PERIOD
Spinal cord, brain, and all internal organs like heart, lungs, kidneys, and sex organs form.
How are fingers formed on the embryo hand plate?
Apoptosis of cells between fingers
Fetal period
Week 9 - Birth; brain continues developing, bodily structures and fetus grows in length and weight. Fetus accumulates fat and movements become stronger.
Healthy infant birth range
38-42 weeks
What do you call infants born before week 38
Preterm infants
Madeline
Smallest newborn to survive premature birth.
Born in 1989 after 27 weeks.
Describe fetal sight and touch
Minimal vision but more tactile experience
Describe fetal taste and smell
Taste sensitivity develops and fetal preferences develop
Describe Fetal hearing
Responds to sound by the 6th month of development
We know b/c heart rates let us know they distinguish between speech and music.
Kisilevsky et al.
2003 study where fetus learned and prefers and remembers mothers voice!!
Teratogens
Harmful agents or substances that can cause malformations or defects in embryo or fetus.
4 teratogens
Mothers nutrition or illness
Mothers emotional state and use of drugs
Alcohol
Nicotine
FASD (Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder)
Result of maternal alcoholism, associated with mental retardation, facial deformity, and other problems.
Sleeper effects
Impact of given agent may not be apparent for many years.
DES (Diethylstiberstrol)
Commonly used drug ti prevent miscarriage in the 40s-60s
High rate of cervical and testicular cancer 15 years later (EXAMPLE OF SLEEPER EFFECT)
Dose-Response Relation means that…
Increases in exposure to potential teratogens are associated with greater probabilities of fetal defects and with more severe problems.
List a few Maternal Factors
Age of mother, nutrition, disease, and emotional state.
Infants’ developing brain change in what 2 ways?
Myelinated axons form synapses with other neurons
Over time, with experience, the synaptic connections are refined to preserve the most important and helpful connections.
Inborn reflexes
Reflexes babies are born having, like rooting, sucking, and grappling.
