Chapter 10

Question 1

Personality is defined as

Answer 1

an individuals unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Question 2

Personality theory describes and explains

Answer 2

Describes and explains how people are similar, how they are different, and why every individual is unique

Question 3

Major theoretical perspectives on personality are

Answer 3

Psychoanalytic perspective and trait perspective

Question 4

Sigmund Freud

Answer 4

Psychologist who created the psychoanalysis perspective

Question 5

Psychoanalysis stresses the importance of

Answer 5

Unconscious forces sexual and aggressive instinct and early childhood experiences

Question 6

Psychoanalysis is both

Answer 6

An approach to therapy and a theory of personality

Question 7

Psychoanalysis emphasized

Answer 7

Unconscious motivation—the main cause of behavior library in the unconscious mind

It saw personality and behavior as a result of a constant interplay among conflicting psychological forces

Question 8

What are the three different levels of awareness of psychological forces

Answer 8

Conscious preconscious and unconscious

Question 9

Conscious

Answer 9

Information in your immediate awareness

Question 10

Preconscious

Answer 10

Information that can easily be made conscious

Question 11

Unconscious

Answer 11

Thoughts feelings urges and wishes that are difficult to bring to conscious awareness

Question 12

Id (unconscious)

Answer 12

is the instinctual drivers present at birth which operate according to the pleasure principle

Question 13

Pleasure principle

Answer 13

motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort—which is the most fundamental human motive and the guiding principle of Id

Question 14

Ego

Answer 14

Conscious and rational component of personality which understand reality and logic
It is most in touch with the demands of the external world

Question 15

Reality principle

Answer 15

Ability to post pone gratification in accordance with demands of the external world
Can repress desires that cannot be met in an acceptable Manor

Question 16

Superego

Answer 16

Partly conscious, self evaluate of, moralistic component of personality

It is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules

Question 17

A child develops an internal parental voice that is partly conscious at the age of…(superego)

Answer 17

5 or 6

Question 18

Freud’s psychosexual stages

Answer 18

(Five diff) age related developmental periods in which a child sexual urges are often focused on different areas of the body

These are expressed through the activities associated with those areas

Question 19

The foundations of adult personality are establish during the first…(how many years of life)

Answer 19

5 years

Question 20

Oral (Birth to age 1) stage is when

Answer 20

Mouth is primary source of pleasure, which is why babies want to put things in mouth and be fed, and are calmed with a pacifier

Question 21

Anal (ages 1 to 3) stage is when

Answer 21

The anus is a primary focus of pleasurable sensations which a young child obtains through developing control over secreting poop (toilet training)

Question 22

Phallic (Age 3 to 6) stage is when

Answer 22

The genitals are primary focus of pleasurable sensations, which the child obtains through sexual curiosity, masturbation, and sexual attractions to the opposite sex parent.

Question 23

Latency (Ages 7 - 11) stage is when

Answer 23

Sexual impulses become repressed and dormant as a child develops same-sex friendships with peers and focuses on school sports and other activities

Question 24

Genital (12 - Adolescence) stage is when

Answer 24

adolescent reaches physical sexual maturity and the genitals become the primary focus of pleasurable Sensations again, which the person seeks to satisfy a heterosexual relationship

Question 25

If a child was fixated at the oral stage of development (was not able to progress further in the stages) they might experience what in adulthood

Answer 25

Seeking pleasure through oral area like smoking or tabacco

Question 26

Trait

Answer 26

A relatively stable and enduring predisposition to behave a certain way

Question 27

Surface trait

Answer 27

Characteristic or attribute that can be inferred from observable behavior

Question 28

Source trait

Answer 28

Most fundamental dimension of personality | —Basic traits that are hypothesized to be universal and relatively few in number

Question 29

Raymond Cattell

Answer 29

Propose 16 personality factors in the 1940s. He also used a statistical technique called factor analysis to identify them, called the 16PF.

Question 30

Hans Eysenck

Answer 30

Proposed a simpler model of universal source traits with three different source traits, introversion – extraversion, neuroticism – emotional stability, and psychoticism.

Question 31

Hans Eysenck believe that individual differences in personality are due to

Answer 31

Biological differences among people

Question 32

McCrae and Costa

Answer 32

Developed the Five factor model.

Question 33

Five factor model of personality

Answer 33

A trait theory of personality that identifies a fundamental building blocks of personality as: ``` Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism ```

Question 34

Projective test

Answer 34

Type of personality test involves a person’s interpretation of an ambiguous image Used to Assess unconscious motives and conflicts psychological defenses and personality traits

Question 35

Hermann Rorschach

Answer 35

Created ink blot test

Question 36

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 36

Projective test using ink blots

Question 37

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

Answer 37

A projective personality test developed by Henry Murray and colleagues that involves creating stories about ambiguous scenes The person to start to project is on motors complex another personality characteristics into a story he creates

Question 38

Henry Murray

Answer 38

With the help of his colleagues created the TAT also known as thematic apperception test

Question 39

MMPI – Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

Answer 39

Self-report inventory that access his personality characteristics and psychological disorders—used to assess both normal and disturbed populations

Question 40

CPI – California psychological inventory

Answer 40

A self-report inventory that assesses personality characteristics in normal populations

Question 41

16PF - 16 personality factor questionnaire

Answer 41

A self-report inventory developed by Raymond Cattell that generates a personality profile with ratings on 16 trait dimensions